A Chance to Fix in Time: Analysis of Freedom of Expression in Four Years Under the Current Government
Kaung Sett Naing, a columnist who wrote a satire titled “I am gonna almost say” about the
tarnishing gold plates of Shwedagon stupa; chief editor and publisher of Standard Time
newspaper were charged under Section 295(a) of the Penal Code. The plaintiff U Soe Min Oo
who is from North Oakkalar township said the terms “Ngwe Dagon” (Silver Dagon) and “Bor
Dagon” (Spangle Dagon) used in the satire to ironically refer the tarnishing gold plates of
Shwedagon stupa is blasphemy against Buddhism.
2.9
Three States Where Free Expression Violated Most
This report describes the violations of freedom of expression of people in all States and
Regions across the country. Among the regions, Yangon and Mandalay encountered the vast
majority of violations while Rakhine, Kayah (Karenni) and Kachin are the three most
violated States.
(a) Rakhine State
Protests erupted in Rakhine’s Mrauk-U township after a scheduled annual memorial
event to mark the anniversary of the fall of Rakhine kingdom on January 15, 2018.
The protests were violently cracked down by the police when the ethnic Rakhine
locals protested in front of the police station. Seven innocent people died and 12
people got injured because of the brutality that also impeded the peaceful assembly
and freedom of expression of people. Hence, a literature talk show that marked the
“memorial anniversary of the fall of Rakhine kingdom” was conducted on January
15, 2018. Dr. Aye Maung, ethnic Rakhine politician and a parliamentarian of Ann
constituency and Wai Hin Aung, an ethnic Rakhine writer delivered speech at the
event. They were later charged with high treason under Section 124(a) of the Penal
Code, Section 505(b) of the Penal Code and Section 17(1),(2) of Counter Terrorism Act
then sentenced to 20 years in prison.
Right to information is still devastatingly violated in Rakhine State. The Tatmadaw
sued Radio Free Asia (RFA) and U Ye Ni, editor in charge of Irrawaddy news agency
under Section 66(d) of Telecommunications Law. Then Myanmar Police Force’s
Special Branch (SB) filed a lawsuit against Ko Aung Mann Oo, editor-in-chief of
Rakhine-based local Development Media Group (DMG) under Section 17(2) of
Counter Terrorism Act at Sittway township local police station 1 on May 1. Other
private news agencies Narinjara and Voice of Myanmar (VoM) were charged under
Sections 50(a) and 52(b) of Counter Terrorism Act for communicating with Arakan
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Chapter (2): Freedom of Expression