First, the military is engaging in mass disenfranchisement as a political strategy. It is expected to
cancel voting in numerous ethnic townships, citing “security concerns.” This tactic has been used in
every past election to suppress the ethnic vote and weaken ethnic political parties. The military has
already announced that many seats in the Upper House, representing ethnic minority areas, will be
left vacant. This reduces ethnic representation and lowers the threshold needed for its proxy party to
control the legislature and presidency. This constitutes a discriminatory violation of the right to vote.
Second, in ethnic areas where voting does proceed, the military is likely to use heightened levels of
intimidation and violence. Decades of “scorched earth” campaigns, extrajudicial killings, and torture
have created a unique climate of fear in these regions. The military is likely to leverage this history to
coerce votes, in direct violation of the right to vote free from intimidation.
Third, the military will continue the systematic disenfranchisement of the Rohingya population
through discriminatory citizenship laws, a long-standing violation of the principle of nondiscrimination among people. This exclusion is a hallmark of the military's atrocity policies and
renders any election in Rakhine State fundamentally illegitimate.
After the election: International complicity and continued repression
The final phase of rights violations will likely be enabled by the international community's response to
the election's manufactured outcome.
The primary purpose of the election is to provide a political off-ramp for regional and other powers to
re-engage with the military, under the guise of interacting with a “constitutionally formed”
government. It is likely that some countries, prioritising perceived stability over human rights, will use
the election as a justification to normalise relations and deepen engagement.
This re-engagement will likely occur even as the military continues its campaign of terror, using its
new “legitimacy” as a shield against international criticism. The election thus becomes a tool to
launder the military's international reputation, providing diplomatic cover that allows the violation of
the right to life (ICCPR Article 6) and other fundamental rights to continue with diminished
international scrutiny. This international acceptance, however tacit, would embolden the military and
undermine efforts to hold it accountable for its atrocity crimes.
Conclusion
The military's 2025 election is a predictable tragedy, a pre-scripted exercise in repression designed to
solidify military rule. It is not a democratic process but a violation of fundamental human rights from
start to finish. Its outcome is predetermined, and its purpose is to create a political façade to justify the
military's continued war on its own people.