root cause of Meta’s threat to human rights - the company’s destructive business model. As this report has shown, content-based solutions will never be sufficient to prevent and mitigate algorithmic harms. The findings of this research are not only relevant to Rohingya survivors; they should sound the alarm that Meta risks contributing to serious human rights abuses again. Across the world, Meta’s content-shaping algorithms risk causing further harms in societies across the world by fanning the flames of hatred, violence and discrimination – and disproportionally impacting the most marginalized and oppressed communities, particularly in Global South contexts. Urgent, wide-ranging reforms to Meta’s business practices are needed to ensure that Meta’s history with the Rohingya does not repeat itself elsewhere. It is abundantly clear, however, that Meta will not solve these problems of its own accord. The root cause of Meta’s horrendous human rights impacts is hard-wired into the company’s business model – a business model that is shared by other Big Tech companies. And to date, Big Tech has proven itself incapable of addressing these issues in the absence of effective regulation. The era of unregulated Big Tech has enabled the corporate capture of our social infrastructures and information ecosystems, with grave consequences for human rights throughout the world. It is therefore essential that states fulfil their obligation to protect human rights by introducing and enforcing effective legislation to rein in surveillance-based business models and associated business practices across the technology sector. RECOMMENDATIONS TO META Remedy • • Work with survivors and the civil society organizations supporting them to provide an effective remedy to affected Rohingya communities, including by: o Calculating and providing appropriate compensation for the Rohingya based on an assessment of physical and mental harm, lost opportunities, including employment, education and social benefits, material damages and loss of earnings, including loss of earning potential, and moral damage. o Supporting rehabilitation by providing for legal, medical, and psychological care needed by the victims. o Publicly acknowledging the full extent of Meta’s contribution to human rights harms, issuing a direct apology to victims, and committing to change Meta’s business model and providing remediation to similarly affected communities in other contexts. Cooperate fully with the OECD NCP process in the United States, and any other processes that may arise from this complaint, and fully fund the education programming requested by Rohingya communities who are parties to the complaint. Human rights due diligence • Undertake a comprehensive review and overhaul of human rights due diligence at Meta, including by mainstreaming human rights considerations throughout all Meta platforms’ operations, especially in relation to the development and deployment of its algorithmic systems. • Ensure that human rights due diligence policies and processes address the systemic and widespread human rights impacts of Meta’s business model as a whole, and be transparent about how risks and impacts are identified and addressed. • Elaborate professional standards for AI engineers, translating human rights responsibilities into guidance for technical design and operation choices for algorithms and other products and services. • Ensure that human rights impact assessments are conducted in relation to the design and deployment of new AI systems, including the deployment of existing systems in new global THE SOCIAL ATROCITY META AND THE RIGHT TO REMEDY FOR THE ROHINGYA Amnesty International 71