In the regional chapter, there is a summary of developments in the eight countries. Regional trends in 2025 are then analyzed across the three topics derived from events in these eight countries, before moving on to potential future work at the regional level. This potential work is framed around three main aspects: research and documentation, advocacy, and capacity building. In the country chapter, each section begins with the political context of that country, as digital rights developments often mirror broader political dynamics. This is followed by an overview key digital rights situations in 2025, and the chapter concludes with an analysis of their implications for human rights and democracy. In the section on the Implications of the Situations for Human Rights and Democracy, the analysis is guided by four questions: (1) What are the most concerning issues based on the key digital rights situations (2) (3) (4) in 2025? Why do these situations pose a threat to human rights and democracy? How do these situations set a precedent for future events? What are the challenges in responding to these concerning issues? Sources of information used in this report are cross-checked to verify their accuracy. Independent media outlets are preferred; however, in some cases, state-affiliated sources are also used as references, depending on the context. When state-affiliated sources are used, they are intended to provide factual details about events; any partisan angles are excluded from the report. This approach applies to the three countries covered in this report—Cambodia, Singapore, and Vietnam—where information from local sources is often tightly controlled by the government. In Cambodia, given the border conflict with Thailand, some referenced information comes from Thai media outlets that are considered non-partisan and trustworthy. In Singapore, the state-owned CNA is used throughout the country chapter to describe “what happens.” Similarly, selected state media sources are cited in the Vietnam chapter to provide factual details of “what happens.” 6