VIETNAM A. Political Situations Under Tô Lâm, who became president in May 2024463 and later General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV) in August the same year 464, Vietnam has undertaken major reforms, aimed at modernizing governance, improving state efficiency, and positioning the country for faster economic growth465. The year 2025 marks Lâm’s first full year in office as General Secretary of the CPV. His initial period in power was defined by what was called a “streamlining revolution,” focused on administrative reform466. During this time, he reportedly reduced the number of officials, “To Lam Takes Office as Vietnam’s President.” Radio Free Asia, 22 May 2024, www.rfa.org/english/news/ vietnam/tolam-vietnam-president-05222024031719.html. 464. “To Lam Elected as Vietnam’s Top Leader.” Radio Free Asia, 4 Aug. 2024, www.rfa.org/english/news/ vietnam/to-lam-general-secretary-08042024005125.html. 465. Viễn, Minh and Đàm Vĩnh Hằng. “One Year of Tô Lâm: Political Choices That Will Echo for Generations.” The Vietnamese, 13 Aug. 2025, www.thevietnamese.org/2025/08/one-year-of-to-lam-politicalchoices-that-will-echo-for-generations. 466. “General Secretary To Lam’s Signing and Promulgation of Regulation 294, Will This Lead to Amendments to the Party Charter?” BBC News Tiếng Việt, 11 June 2025, www.bbc.com/vietnamese/ articles/ce82lm5d2jvo. 463. 93