2025, YouTube also suspended more accounts affiliated with the channel that year322. Social media platforms began taking action against the accounts after the U.S. government imposed sanctions on Quiboloy under the Global Magnitsky Human Rights Accountability Act at the end of 2022. Observers also note that Quiboloy’s fall from grace stems in part from political power struggles between the Marcos and the Duterte families323, 324. Red-tagging, as a concerning practice, has continued from the administration of Rodrigo Duterte. In 2018, the administration of Duterte established the National Task Force to End Local Communist Armed Conflict (NTF-ELCAC) under Executive Order No. 70325. It aims to address the communist rebellion in the country, allegedly led by the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) and its armed wing, the New People’s Army (NPA). Over the years, many individuals have been harassed after being red-tagged by the task force, with their names publicly posted on the NTF-ELCAC’s official Facebook page326, 327, 328 . Its former spokesperson, Lorraine Badoy, is also known for consistently red-tagging people in her Facebook posts and through her now-suspended TV program, Laban Kasama ng Bayan, on SMNI329. Those targeted include human rights defenders, journalists, and government critics. Mateo Janvic. “More SMNI-Linked YouTube Accounts Disabled.” The Philippine Star, 21 Feb. 2025, www. philstar.com/headlines/2025/02/21/2423072/more-smni-linked-youtube-accounts-disabled. 323. Robles, Raissa. “Marcos Jnr’s Philippines Rattled by Quiboloy Crackdown, Anti-Corruption Push.” South China Morning Post, 27 Aug. 2024, www.scmp.com/week-asia/politics/article/3276013/marcos-jnrsphilippines-rattled-quiboloy-crackdown-anti-corruption-push. 324. Robles, Raissa. “Infamous Philippine Pastor’s Arrest Seen as Major Blow to Duterte’s Political Fortunes.” South China Morning Post, 9 Sep. 2024, www.scmp.com/week-asia/politics/article/3277828/ infamous-philippine-pastors-arrest-seen-major-blow-dutertes-political-fortunes. 325. Ranada, Pia. “Duterte Creates Task Force to Address Causes of Communist Insurgency.” Rappler, 11 Dec. 2018, www.rappler.com/philippines/218667-duterte-creates-task-force-address-communist-armedconflict-causes. 326. Bosano, Raphael. “NUPL Seeks Supreme Court Help on Red-Tagging of Lawyers, Civil Society.” ABS-CBN News, 5 Dec. 2025, www.abs-cbn.com/news/nation/2025/12/5/nupl-seeks-supreme-court-help-onred-tagging-of-lawyers-civil-society-1444. 327. Fernandez, Daniza. “Badoy Hit With Another Complaint at Ombudsman for Red-Tagging Robredo.” Inquirer.net, 30 Mar. 2022, newsinfo.inquirer.net/1575805/badoy-hit-with-another-complaint-atombudsman-for-red-tagging-robredo. 328. Macaraeg, Pauline. “Gov’t Platforms Being Used to Attack, Red-Tag Media.” Rappler, 12 May 2020, www. rappler.com/features/newsbreak/investigative/260602-government-platforms-being-used-attackred-tag-media/index.html. 329. Gonzales, Gelo. “Facebook Page of Ex-NTF-ELCAC Spokesperson Lorraine Badoy Unavailable.” Rappler, 18 Aug. 2023, www.rappler.com/technology/social-media/lorraine-badoy-facebook-page-unavailableaugust-2023. 322. 70