Exploring the Nexus between Technologies and Human Rights 26 region. This could be due to the fact that all of the focus groups were conducted in the major cities with high Internet penetration. Instead, access was discussed from some other levels, such as from the point of view of the right to access digital spaces and services. Sometimes access is blocked by the state in terms of Internet shutdowns or blocking of websites – an example of the latter was given of Malaysia’s blocking of a fan fiction website, Fanfiction.net, which is popular among women and gender minorities as a space to explore creative writing and erotic literature. Sometimes access is not blocked, but is a result of negligence when entire communities are excluded because technologies are not designed to accommodate them. For example, automatic teller machines (ATMs) in Malaysia are currently not designed for the blind, and in the process of phasing out human bank tellers with ATMs, the blind’s access to banking becomes increasingly difficult. Discussions also brought up digital products and services that force the consent of the users in accepting the terms and conditions before they can access them. An example is the common practice of having to agree to all of the terms of use when participating on digital platforms or using certain devices, or otherwise lose access to the benefits offered by connectivity or a smart phone that one just bought. The principle of the matter is similar with another example provided by a Philippine respondent on his inability to apply for a passport, if he did not opt in for a national identity card, which in his perspective meant that he would have to provide his data in exchange for access to state services. One more interesting example that arose from the discussions with regards to access is the case of Free Basics. Free Basics by Facebook is a free service for partial access to the Internet (to certain designated websites including Facebook) for communities that did not have access to the Internet before. In Southeast Asia, Free Basics is available in Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Philippines, Thailand, and Timor Leste13. It was pointed out in the context of the Philippines that users of Free Basics only read the headlines of links in their Facebook newsfeed, as they would have to pay to visit the actual pages linked. The unintended consequence of this partial access is the incentivisation of clickbait and misleading headlines, fuelling the spread of misinformation, as sensational headlines get shared even if the content of the article is of low quality or has nothing to do with the title. This issue falls under net neutrality, which is one of the many ways that the Internet can be fragmented into connectivity islands through technological developments, governmental policies, and commercial practices (Drake, Cerf, & Kleinwatchter, 2016). The next section on governance addresses issues like these. Governance of the Digital Beyond working on issues of access and driving digital innovation, the real challenge of the digital era is the governance of the digital. Digital governance, as defined by Floridi, 13 https://info.internet.org/en/story/where-weve-launched/