Is Social Media a Threat to Democracy? WORKS REFERENCED • John McDermott, Why Facebook is for ice buckets, Twitter is for Ferguson, Digiday, Published August 20, 2014, https://digiday.com/media/facbeook-twitter-ferguson/ • American Press Institute, ‘Who shared it?’ How Americans decide what news to trust on social media, Published March 20, 2017, https://www. americanpressinstitute.org/publications/reports/surveyresearch/trust-social-media/ •  The Wall Street Journal, “Blue Feed, Red Feed”, Published May 18, 2016, http://graphics.wsj.com/blue-feed-redfeed/ • Yochai Benkler, Robert Faris, Hal Roberts, and Ethan Zuckerman, Study: Breitbart-led right-wing media ecosystem altered broader media agenda, Columbia Journalism Review, Published March 3, 2017, https:// www.cjr.org/analysis/breitbart-media-trump-harvardstudy.php •  Political Polarization in the American Public, Pew Research Center, Published June 12, 2014, http://www.peoplepress.org/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-theamerican-public/ • Ezra Klein and Alvin Chang, ‘Political identity is fair game for hatred’: how Republicans and Democrats discriminate,” Vox, December 7, 2015, https://www.vox. com/2015/12/7/9790764/partisan-discrimination • Daniel Cox, Ph.D. and Robert P. Jones, Ph.D., Beyond Guns and God: Understanding the Complexities of the White Working Class in America, Public Religion Research Institute, Published September 20, 2012, https://www. prri.org/research/race-class-culture-survey-2012/ • Jason Patinkin, How to Use Facebook and Fake News to Get people to Murder Each Other, BuzzFeed, Updated January 16, 2017, https://www.buzzfeed.com/ jasonpatinkin/how-to-get-people-to-murder-each-otherthrough-fake-news-and? • Philip N. Howard, Gillian Bolsover, Bence Kollanyi, et al, Junk News and Bots during the U.S. Election: What Were Michigan Voters Sharing Over Twitter? Comprop Data Memo 2017.3. Oxford, UK: Project on Computational Propaganda. http://comprop.oii.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/ uploads/sites/89/2017/03/What-Were-Michigan-VotersSharing-Over-Twitter-v2.pdf • John Markoff, Automated Pro-Trump Bots Overwhelmed Pro-Clinton Messages, Researchers Say, The New York Times, Published November 17, 2016, https://www.nytimes. com/2016/11/18/technology/automated-pro-trump-botsoverwhelmed-pro-clinton-messages-researchers-say. html • Guillaume Chaslot, YouTube’s A.I. was not neutral in the US presidential election, Medium, Published November 27, 2016, https://medium.com/the-graph/youtubes-aiis-neutral-towards-clicks-but-is-biased-towards-peopleand-ideas-3a2f643dea9a • Samanth Subramanian, Inside the Macedonian FakeNews Complex, Wired, Published February 15, 2017, https://www.wired.com/2017/02/veles-macedonia-fakenews/ • Tim Harford, The problem with facts, Financial Times, Published March 8, 2017, https://www.ft.com/content/ eef2e2f8-0383-11e7-ace0-1ce02ef0def9 • Michael Issue Two: Proliferation of several types of misinformation and disinformation • Claire Wardle, Fake news. It’s complicated, First Draft News, Published February 16, 2017, https:// firstdraftnews.com/fake-news-complicated/ •  American Press Institute, ‘Who shared it?’ How Americans decide what news to trust on social media, Published March 20, 2017, https://www.americanpressinstitute. org/publications/reports/survey-research/trust-socialmedia/ (repeat citation) • Andrew Breiner, Pizzagate, explained, Salon, Published December 10, 2016, http://www.salon.com/2016/12/10/ pizzagate-explained-everything-you-want-to-knowabout-the-comet-ping-pong-pizzeria-conspiracy-theorybut-are-too-afraid-to-search-for-on-reddit/ © Copyright The Omidyar Group 2017. All rights reserved. Barthel, Amy Mitchell and Jesse Holcomb, Many Americans Believe Fake News Is Sowing Confusion, Pew Research Center, Published June 15, 2016, http://www. journalism.org/2016/12/15/many-americans-believefake-news-is-sowing-confusion/ • Dan Tynan, How Facebook powers money machines for obscure political ‘news’ sites, The Guardian, Published August 24, 2016, https://www.theguardian.com/ technology/2016/aug/24/facebook-clickbait-politicalnews-sites-us-election-trump • Craig Silverman and Lawrence Alexander, How Teens In The Balkans Are Duping Trump Supporters With Fake News, BuzzFeed, Published November 3, 2016, https:// www.buzzfeed.com/craigsilverman/how-macedoniabecame-a-global-hub-for-pro-trump-misinfo? PAGE 17