A/HRC/56/CRP.8 Contents Page I. Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 4 II. Methodology and terminology ......................................................................................................... 6 III. International legal framework .......................................................................................................... 7 A. International human rights law ................................................................................................ 7 B. International humanitarian law and international criminal law ............................................... 9 C. Women, peace, and security agenda ........................................................................................ 10 Background ...................................................................................................................................... 11 A. Gender hierarchy and patriarchal norms .................................................................................. 11 B. Inadequate domestic laws and protections ............................................................................... 13 C. Progress on the rights of women, girls, and LGBT people prior to the military coup ............. 15 Sexual and gender-based violence ................................................................................................... 16 A. Widespread sexual violence by SAC forces ............................................................................ 17 B. Growing incidence of sexual violence by resistance forces..................................................... 19 C. Violence within the home and community .............................................................................. 21 D. Limited avenues for justice and redress ................................................................................... 22 E. Dwindling services and support for survivors ......................................................................... 24 Political attacks on women, girls, and LGBT persons ..................................................................... 25 A. Arrest and imprisonment ......................................................................................................... 25 B. Targeting women and LGBT human rights defenders and civil society .................................. 26 C. Gendered online attacks and harassment ................................................................................. 28 The economic, social, and cultural rights of women, girls, and LGBT persons ............................... 29 A. Loss of economic independence and livelihood opportunities ................................................ 29 B. Displacement and access to humanitarian aid.......................................................................... 30 C. Gendered nutrition and health challenges ................................................................................ 31 D. Weakened access to education ................................................................................................. 33 E. Negative coping mechanisms and protection concerns ........................................................... 34 F. Mental health concerns ............................................................................................................ 35 VIII. Heightened vulnerabilities of Rohingya communities ..................................................................... 36 IX. Gender equality and inclusion within Myanmar’s resistance movement ......................................... 40 A. On the frontlines of the resistance ........................................................................................... 40 B. Backbone of humanitarian relief efforts .................................................................................. 43 C. Participation and leadership in political institutions ................................................................ 44 D. Emerging policies and reforms ................................................................................................ 47 Conclusion and recommendations.................................................................................................... 49 IV. V. VI. VII. X. 3