Vol. 8, No. 3
Smith & Smith: Use and Abuse of Social Media in Myanmar between…
of linked Facebook accounts and pages that are being used to spread RFM
misinformation through the social media platform”.109 It appeared that RFM was
being operated by supporters of the Union Solidarity and Development Party,
which was military-aligned.
Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on Myanmar
In September 2018, the United Nations Human Rights Council issued its
Independent International Fact-finding Mission report on Myanmar.110
"In accordance with its mandate, the mission focused on the situation in Kachin,
Rakhine and Shan States since 2011. It also examined the infringement of
fundamental freedoms, including the rights to freedom of expression, assembly and
peaceful association, and the question of hate speech." 111
Despite written requests, the Government did not cooperate with the mission.112
There was limited informal contact with government representatives, but there
were no written responses to any of its requests for information or to access incountry access. 113 The report was shared with the Government before release, but
again there was no response.114 The findings and recommendations of the
committee to the Government concerning its governance of social media were: 115
a. unequivocally condemn and end intolerant, divisive and discriminatory
rhetoric based on ethnic, racial or religious grounds, both from State actors
and non-State actors […]; 116
b. enact the domestic legislation necessary to punish the crimes of genocide,
conspiracy to commit genocide, direct and public […];117
c. act swiftly to end all intolerant, divisive or discriminatory public
commentary that reinforces hate speech and false narratives […]; 118
d. dismiss and otherwise hold accountable public officials, whether serving in
the Government or military, found to be spreading hate speech or false
narratives […]; 119
e. repeal or amend provisions in laws unduly restricting the interrelated rights
to freedom of opinion and expression, association, and peaceful assembly,
including sections 143-147, 499-502 and 505(b) of the Penal Code, the
109
Ibid.
United Nations Human Rights Council (2018).
111
Ibid, at 1.
112
Ibid, para 2.
113
Ibid.
114
Ibid..
115
United Nations Human Rights Council. (2019a).
116
Ibid, para 11.
117
Ibid, para 24.
118
Ibid, para 30(a).
119
Ibid, para 30(c).
110
320
Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4150894