Myanmar convenient with all service providers having links to the military. Internet services in strongholds of resistance forces were completely shut down. However, access has been eased by the use of Starlink satellite internet services in 2023. The junta then threatened to prosecute users of the service as it was not licensed in the country. Israeli company Cognyte, which has the ability to intercept communications of surveillance targets. In 2023, the military also introduced an electronic identification (e-ID) scheme and made SIM card registration mandatory. In sum, these efforts strengthen the junta’s surveillance capability. While the junta has intensified efforts to control information, the intense crackdown on the media has continued since the coup, with at least 14 independent media outlets shut down by 2023. Meanwhile, the promilitary media has been thriving. The Telegram messaging application has become the de facto hub to disseminate pro-military propaganda with the help of their supporters. 2. Junta supporters also help the military by doxing, the act of publicly exposing personal information of targeted individuals without their consent. Information of these individuals are circulated on the pro-junta Telegram channels. As a result, many pro-democracy activists or anyone suspected of opposing the military have been arrested and prosecuted. The military is also in possession of surveillance technology, of which some were purchased by the civilian government prior to the coup. The military is also reported to purchase spyware produced by the 197 198 Legal and Policy Developments Among the laws amended by the military junta shortly after the coup are Section 505 of the Penal Code, the Law Protecting the Privacy and Security of Citizens, the Electronic Transactions Law, the Law on Broadcasting and Television, and the Anti-Terrorism Act. These have increased the military’s power to suppress online space amid the collapse of the rule of law. The junta enacted an addendum to the Anti-Terrorism Act on March 1. Six new articles in Chapter 14 provide the military with sweeping powers over digital information including the ability to intercept, monitor, cut off and restrict communications, as well as to identify the location of suspects197. The information obtained can then be used in investigations into alleged terrorism as well as being submitted as evidence198. In November 2023, the junta also amended the Law on Broadcasting and Television for “Amendment Grants Myanmar Junta Sweeping New Powers Under Anti-Terrorism Law.” Radio Free Asia, 15 Mar. 2023, www.rfa.org/english/news/myanmar/amendment-03152023170207.html. Ibid. 59