[1] This army consisting of numerous independent cells spread across the cities and ethnic states of Myanmar was formed by the National Unity Government (NUG) on 5 May 2021 in response to the coup d'état. [2] A virtual private network service, or VPN, provides a proxy server to bypass Internet censorship such as geo-blocking or to users who want to protect their communications against data profiling or Man-in-the-middle attacks, where the attacker secretly relays and possibly alters the communications between two parties. [3] Twitter user's Pyae Zone's quote is used here with the author's discretion and is derived from the user’s public profile,​which has a following of close to 22k​people. [4] Min Aung Hlaing, commander-in-chief of Defense Services since March 2011, seized power on February 1st in Nay Pyi Daw in a coup d'état. He has appointed himself chairman of the State Administration Council (SAC), the new military regime. [5] Call-data records, or “metadata” include information on who the users contacted, the time and duration of calls, and the location of the tower or base station from which the call was transmitted. 24