Charges under the Telecommunication Law are not automatically eligible for bail, and in some cases, courts repeatedly refused requests for bail, meaning people were held for long periods before trial. High profile cases include the following: In October 2016, Myo Yan Naung Thein, secretary of the NLD’s Central Committee for Research and Strategy Studies, was arrested after calling for the resignation of military chief Senior-General Min Aung Hlaing in a Facebook post. He was sentenced to six months' imprisonment. 55 In November 2016, authorities detained Dr. Than Htut Aung, chief executive of Eleven Media Group, and Wai Phyo, chief editor of the group's Daily Eleven newspaper, over Facebook posts involving an opinion piece that alleged highlevel government corruption. They were held in pretrial detention for 54 days before being released on bail. 56 Their trial was ongoing in mid-2017, though Eleven Media issued a public apology for the editorial. In June 2017, Kyaw Min Swe, chief editor of The Voice Daily, was detained in relation to the online publication of an opinion column that satirized a military propaganda film. The columnist was also charged, but Kyaw Min Swe, as editor, took responsibility for sharing the content on the internet. Following more than two months’ detention, Kyaw Min Swe was released on MMK 10 million (US$7,350) bail in August. 57 Surveillance, Privacy, and Anonymity The government adopted a Law Protecting the Privacy and Security of Citizens (Citizens Privacy and Security Law) in March 2017. It prohibits intrusion on communication data, except based on permission, orders, or warrants provided under other laws. But the law did not outline clear procedures to prevent data being stored, and observers said its definition of privacy was inadequate. 58 State surveillance, historically pervasive and politicized, abated after the political opening but has intensified somewhat since 2013 due to religious unrest and other issues. The Tatmadaw or armed forces appear to have stepped up using interception for domestic surveillance and security reasons in this coverage period. 59 Since their activities lack transparency, however, the extent is impossible to confirm.

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