20 M. THE-THITSAR 70. One Kayah, two Karens, one Pa-O, one Naga and two Bamars said they didn’t have any person they considered to be a leader. 71. The RCSS (Restoration Council of Shan State) is an ethnic armed group based in southern and eastern Shan State. 72. The SNLD (Shan Nationalities League for Democracy), is an ethnic political party which won 46 seats in 2015 General Elections, and held about 19% of seats in the Shan State Parliament. 73. The Facebook pages of four armed groups, including Arakan Army (AA), were banned by Facebook in the first week of February 2019. See “Facebook Targets ‘Dangerous’ Armed Groups.” Acknowledgments The author would like to thank Professor Ardeth M. Thawnghmung, who provided all necessary guidance and support for this paper, Prof. Jenifer Whitten-Woodring, Prof. Mona S. Kleinberg,, Hilary Faxon, Elizabeth Rhoads, Markus Kostner, and three anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions, and all key informants and the Facebook Myanmar team, who shared their experience, knowledge, and perception in this research. Disclosure statement No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s). Notes on contributor Myat The-Thitsar is a co-founder of Enlightened Myanmar Research Foundation (EMReF; www. emref.org). Currently, she is a Ph.D. candidate of the Global Studies Program at the University of Massachusetts Lowell. She holds a master’s degree in International Relations from California State University- Fresno and a Bachelor of Arts (Hons.) degree in International Relations from Yadanabon University, Mandalay. She was a research fellow of the Department of Politics and International Relations (DPIR) at the University of Oxford from September 2016 to January 2017. ORCID Myat The-Thitsar http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9590-3047 Bibliography Abdelal, R. E., A. Johnston, Y. M. Herrera, and R. McDermott. Measuring Identity. A Guide for Social Scientists. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. Aitchison, J., and H. Carter. A Geography of the Welsh Language 1961–1991. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1994. Aitchison, J., and H. Carter. Language, Economy, and Society: The Changing Fortunes of the Welsh Language in the Twentieth Century. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2000. Allen, S. E., M. Crago, D. Pesco. “The Effect of Majority Language Exposure on Minority Language Skills: The Case of Inuktitut.” The International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 9, no. 5 (2006): 578–596. doi:10.2167/beb381.0. Appadurai, A. “The Production of Locality.” In Counterworks: Managing the Diversity of Knowledge, edited by R. Fardon, 204–225. London: Routledge, 1995.