Commentary: Across the 21 countries in this study, children’s self-reported exposure to the forms of technology-facilitated sexual exploitation and abuse measured in the survey ranged from 4.34 per cent to 42.5 per cent, with an overall average of 18 per cent. This demonstrates a wide variation between countries, highlighting that children’s experiences and/or their willingness to disclose sexual exploitation and abuse to researchers can differ substantially across contexts. This table should not be interpreted as a ranking of countries or be used to make comparisons between them. Differences in self-reported exposure are likely influenced by a range of complex factors beyond the prevalence of technology-facilitated sexual exploitation and abuse alone. Children’s willingness to disclose exploitation and abuse is shaped by social norms, levels of stigma, awareness of what constitutes abuse and how comfortable they feel talking about sensitive and personal experiences. Importantly, higher reported levels of exposure do not necessarily indicate that children are less safe. In some contexts, it may also reflect greater public awareness of technology-facilitated sexual exploitation and abuse, stronger recognition of children’s rights and environments in which children are better able to identify abusive behaviours and more comfortable disclosing them. Conversely, lower reported levels may partly reflect underrecognition or under-reporting. In addition, the survey only measures nine examples of technology-facilitated sexual exploitation and abuse. Other forms of abuse that were beyond the scope of the survey may be more common in some settings, meaning that cross-country differences should be interpreted with caution. For this reason, the overall average across countries should not be viewed as a precise measure of country-level exposure. These considerations highlight the challenges of measuring child abuse through surveys alone. For this reason, the report complements quantitative findings with detailed accounts of children’s own voices and experiences, providing a richer and more nuanced understanding of how technologyfacilitated sexual exploitation and abuse affects children’s lives. This interpretation is not intended to downplay the seriousness of technology-facilitated sexual exploitation and abuse or the significant number of children affected by it. Rather, it acknowledges that measuring children’s exposure to these forms of abuse is inherently challenging. The most important message is not the precise estimate of exposure in any one country, but the consistent finding that technology-facilitated sexual exploitation and abuse affect many children across all countries studied, and demand sustained attention everywhere. Through Children’s Eyes Appendix 50