To the Arakan Army: • Immediately cease all violations of international humanitarian and human rights law and ensure accountability for alleged atrocity crimes committed by its forces. • Facilitate humanitarian access by allowing unrestricted aid to reach all communities in need, ensuring that assistance is delivered equitably and without discrimination. • Publicly recognise the Rohingya as an integral part of Arakan State’s diverse communities. • Guarantee the rights and security of all communities including Rohingya by protecting civilians from all forms of violence and discrimination, ensuring freedom of movement, and providing equal access to livelihoods and essential services for everyone. • Adopt and enforce a public code of conduct for Arakan Army fighters to ensure the protection of civilians and investigate alleged violations of the code. • Publicly support independent investigations into allegations of human rights violations committed by the Burmese military, Arakan Army, and Rohingya armed groups. Allow UN human rights agencies, including the OHCHR, Special Rapporteur, IIMM as well as independent human rights organisations to have access to Rakhine State to investigate all alleged violations. • Establish an interim consultative committee which includes representatives of all ethnic and religious people in Arakan State, so that all voices can be heard, and all can work together to rebuild the future Arakan State. There must be integration of Rohingya and other minority communities into decision-making processes and administrative structures at all levels. Equal representation is essential to building trust and promoting inclusivity. • Engage in regular, meaningful dialogue with Rohingya leaders, within Arakan State, in the refugee camps in Bangladesh, and in the diaspora, to address grievances, rebuild trust, and foster understanding. • End restrictions on internet and communications, such as confiscation of mobile phones, and banning the use of satellite dishes which can be used to access the internet. Independent media should also be given access to operate freely. Annex: Background to The Gambia v. Myanmar genocide case at the ICJ In 2016 and 2017, BROUK and many other human rights organisations documented gross human rights violations perpetrated by the Myanmar military and its proxies during ‘clearance operations’ in Myanmar’s Rakhine State, resulting in significant loss of life and severe mental and physical harm to the Rohingya.226 These included mass rape of Rohingya women, children burned alive, machete attacks, shooting at fleeing villagers, the use of rocket launchers to raze entire Rohingya villages to the ground, coordinated massacres, as well as landmines laid at the border to target those fleeing the violence. 227 226 See for example, US Holocaust Memorial Museum and Fortify Rights, ‘ “They Tried to Kill Us All”: Atrocity Crimes against Rohingya Muslims in Rakhine State, Myanmar’ (15 November 2017); Fortify Rights, ‘ “They Gave Them Long Swords”: Preparations for Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity Against Rohingya Muslims in Rakhine State, Myanmar’ (19 July 2018); Physicians for Human Rights, ‘ “Please Tell the World What They Have Done to Us”: The Chut Pyin Massacre: Forensic Evidence of Violence against the Rohingya in Myanmar’ (19 July 2018). 227 BROUK, ‘Burned, Stabbed, and Shot: Physical evidence of atrocities committed against the Rohingya’ (May 2017) 1327. BROUK, ‘“I Thought I Would Die”: Physical evidence of atrocities against the Rohingya’ (1 November 2017) 12-31. 40