Rohingya living in areas of Rakhine State under junta control (Manaung, Kyaukphyu and Sittwe townships) are subjected to wide-ranging restrictions on freedom of movement. Likewise, Rohingya living in areas under the control of the Arakan Army (with minor exceptions) also face tight restrictions on their freedom of movement, described in detail in the section Other atrocity crimes & the Arakan Army’s failure to comply with the provisional measures. Together with the denial of citizenship, these restrictions have rendered Rohingya communities uniquely vulnerable among civilian populations in Myanmar and subject to exploitation by all parties to the conflict in Rakhine State. The last publicly available data from September 2024 showed that there were almost 145,000 Rohingya confined to internment camps in central Rakhine State, of whom over 112,000 were in Sittwe township, which is still under the control of the regime at the time of writing.79 When Rohingya attempt to flee from Rakhine State across areas under regime control, they face arrest and imprisonment by the junta authorities for travelling without documents or prior authorisation. There is currently no publicly available data about how many Rohingya are detained in prisons across Myanmar. In February, a total of 1,874 Rohingya were released from prison in two separate batches.80 According to information received by BROUK, they were aged 15-40 and most were from Maungdaw, followed by Buthidaung, Kyauktaw and Sittwe, with smaller numbers from other townships.81 The regime transported all the released prisoners to Sittwe and rehoused them in the already overcrowded IDP internment camps. Immigration authorities issued released Rohingya prisoners with the National Verification Card (NVC) - documentation which denies their identity as Rohingya and forces them to accept the designation of ‘Bengali’, implying that the Rohingya are foreign interlopers from Bangladesh.82 Released Rohingya prisoners were also ordered to sign a statement, which said they agreed not to travel without regime authorisation again. According to information received by BROUK, the junta has completely stopped issuing Form 4 for Rohingya.83 Form 4 is a temporary travel permit that Rohingya must obtain to get permission to travel beyond their township or Rakhine State, for example to seek medical treatment in Yangon. It was only available to Rohingya with documentation such as the NVC and required a costly and lengthy process of approvals by various administrative bodies.84 Along with the other Rohingya IDPs held in internment camps in Sittwe, Rohingya released from prison are extremely vulnerable to forced recruitment by the Myanmar military. Restricting international humanitarian access The junta’s long-standing restrictions on freedom of movement, access to livelihoods and healthcare for Rohingya communities have left them heavily dependent on international humanitarian assistance for their most basic needs. For this reason, the regime’s wide-ranging restrictions on humanitarian access in Rakhine State have a disproportionate impact on extremely vulnerable Rohingya communities. In the context of the provisional measures order, the regime’s continued leveraging of its complex bureaucratic apparatus (Memoranda of Understanding that must be negotiated by UN agencies; INGO 79 CCCM Camp Profiles, Central Rakhine, Myanmar September 2024, on file with BROUK. 80 (1,355 male, 519 female). Incident ref ICJ11-PM1-1. 81 Minbya, Mrauk U, Rathedaung, Pauktaw, Kyaukphyu, and Myebon. 82 See BROUK’s ten previous briefings on Myanmar’s noncompliance with the ICJ’s provisional measures order, as well as ‘Annex 1 to the Report of the Special Rapporteur on the human rights situation in Myanmar to the UN General Assembly’ (2 September 2021) UN Doc A/76/314 4 [19]. 83 Information provided by Research Consultant Kathy Win. 84 Independent Rakhine Initiative ‘Freedom of Movement in Rakhine State’ (2020). 15