The ceasefire agreements of the 1990s allowed the military-state to avoid the
kinds of expenditures that would be needed to curb internal conflict. At the same time,
the reforms ultimately increased Tatmadaw presence throughout the country, especially
in regions where ethnic resistance was present and persistent. This increased presence
added pressure on armed ethnic groups, coercing them to accept the terms of Tatmadawdictated ceasefire agreements (Felbab-Brown, 2017). Despite the existence of ceasefire
agreements, this improved the mobility of the military in case a tentative peace was
broken. Regulated militarized territories guaranteed the Tatmadaw’s continuous presence
and thus the means to monitor the everyday minutiae of Burmese civilian life. FelbabBrown (2017) notes a further incentive for ethnic groups to oblige the military:
The Tatmadaw also reshuffled economic spoils among the insurgent
groups, as a mechanism to reward the pliant and co-opted and to punish
those who militarily or politically threatened local arrangements or
engaged in military actions against the central government and the
Tatmadaw. (p. 10)
The military’s use of economic and political incentives in order to secure desired
beneficial arrangements shows a pattern of Tatmadaw manipulation in pursuit of its own
agenda. Regardless of claims that the military regime of the 1990s was devoted to
eventual democratic change, there was still every intention to secure political and
economic superiority. These tactics are still in use today as a mechanism of continued
control but under the veil of democracy.
Further evidence exists supporting the claim that military-sponsored ceasefire
agreements exist with the primary goal of maintaining political control and power as well
as creating an environment conducive to the economic growth of the military. The
renegotiation of ceasefire deals in the late 1990s and early 2000s are indicative of a
73