images depicting before and after images of the region and inspiring international
outrage. The local security forces met with Buddhist residents of Meiktila prior to the
riots to devise a plan that would allow civilians to carry out a massacre and destroy nearly
ever structure standing. It is important to understand that this particular Muslim
community were not Rohingya. They were members of a smaller Muslim group called
Kaman, an ethnic group legally recognized as citizens. Furthermore, the violence stopped
only when the Tatmadaw stepped in and restored peace. This bolstered the legitimacy of
the long-standing claim that the military was the only institution truly capable of
defending the sovereignty and stability of the nation and protecting the purity of Burmese
Buddhism.
After serving two years in Parliament, Suu Kyi’s positive relationship with thenpresident Thein Sein began to dissolve, and the alleged move toward democracy stalled
as the USDP began to tighten its grip on power. Influential USDP official Shwe Mann
was briefly arrested and permanently removed from his post. Mann was open to
constitutional reform that had the potential to remove significant power from the
Tatmadaw and thus was perceived to be a significant threat that had to be eliminated.
This signified that despite genuine interest in democratic reform among a small number
of powerful individuals, old elites were still pulling strings behind the scenes. In fact, the
primary concern remained that of maintaining the carefully constructed plan set forth by
the Roadmap to Democracy, with the ultimate goal of sustained military privilege.
The stalemate was short-lived, and by 2015 the USDP announced another round
of general elections, this time assuring transparency and free and fair elections this time.
To the surprise of the international community this proved to be generally true. The NLD
20