Mobile Myanmar: The Impact of Social Media on Young People Living in Conflict-Affected Regions of Myanmar Hate speech.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 67 Online harassment.............................................................................................................................................................................. 71 Sharing behaviours .............................................................................................................................................................................. 72 Impact on daily lives and psychological well-being ...................................................................................................................... 74 Impacts on society .............................................................................................................................................................................. 79 SOCIAL MEDIA USE SURVEY: RESULTS ........................................................................................................................................ 86 Demographics ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 86 Phone use ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 86 Social media use .................................................................................................................................................................................. 87 Social media apps ................................................................................................................................................................................ 87 Social media activities ........................................................................................................................................................................ 89 News on social media ........................................................................................................................................................................ 90 Impacts of social media...................................................................................................................................................................... 92 DISCUSSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................................................................. 94 Summary of findings and key analysis points ................................................................................................................................ 94 General usage ................................................................................................................................................................................. 94 Online safety ................................................................................................................................................................................... 94 Fake news and propaganda .......................................................................................................................................................... 95 Hate speech..................................................................................................................................................................................... 96 Online harassment......................................................................................................................................................................... 96 Sharing behaviours ......................................................................................................................................................................... 97 Impact on daily lives and psychological well-being ................................................................................................................. 97 Impact on society ........................................................................................................................................................................... 98 The research in context: Myanmar perspective .......................................................................................................................... 98 The research in context: Global perspective ............................................................................................................................... 99 Key issues and recommendations ................................................................................................................................................. 103 Issue 1: Myanmar’s young people lack digital citizenship skills ......................................................................................... 103 Issue 2: Online sexual harassment is highly prevalent and harming young people in Myanmar ............................... 103 Issue 3: Online hate speech has real world impact and is a barrier to social cohesion ............................................. 104 Issue 4: Lack of online resources to support the mental health and education of young people in Myanmar ..... 105 CONCLUSION ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 106 REFERENCES ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 107 APPENDICES ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 114 Appendix A: Social Media Use Survey ......................................................................................................................................... 114 Appendix B: Focus Group Discussion Guide ............................................................................................................................. 119 Appendix C: Key Informant Interview Guide ............................................................................................................................ 129 Appendix D: Social Media Use Survey Full Results .................................................................................................................. 133 5