13 BOX A Challenges in identifying a village’s location Departments may collect and map their own information on where villages are located. For example, figure 2.2 shows three different center points for the village of Kwaing Ngan in Kayah State, based respectively on information from the GAD, the DRD, and the DRRD. In this example, the differing locations are not miles apart, but because the village is located near the GAD’s township boundary, its location may have significant implications for service delivery and elections, among other things. FIGURE 2.2 Identifying the location of a village Three datasets show the village in different locations. Myanmar Demoso Township Department 1 Department 2 Department 3 Kayah State Demoso Township Hpruso Township There are examples of digital data collection that serve as potential models for replication or adaptation and adoption. Many ministries and departments are piloting their own digital reforms to strengthen data collection. For example, over the past year, the Ministry of Health and Sports has distributed 11,186 tablets to township medical officers and basic health staff in four states and three regions. Each tablet contains hundreds of relevant health documents. The tablets (1) use Google Forms to collect demographic and health data for ministry services; (2) track inventories of medical supplies through a logistics-management system; (3) link healthcare professionals to a Google Group, which collects and shares early-warning reports for notifiable diseases; and (4) provide access to the District Health Information Software 2 system (DHIS2, box G), which includes the Mobile Birth and Death Registration Application.33 In another example, the Yangon Region government and Yangon Public Bus Company have installed Wi-Fi and GPS on their most popular bus routes. The GPS enables tracking of buses and travel times, and the Wi-Fi allows riders to answer a rider-satisfaction survey with questions such as whether the driver was driving smoothly. The Yangon Region government and its implementing partner, the Japan International Cooperation Agency, collect the data to help improve service.34 In addition to more systematic reforms to support digital data collection, township department officials are making greater and greater use of their personal mobile phones as part of their daily administrative responsibilities. Phones can be used to record notes or take pictures and videos of documents, accident scenes, licensing violations, location coordinates, public disturbances, meetings, etc. Personal mobile phones may have the value of convenience, but the data collected this way