BSR | Human Rights Impact Assessment: Facebook in Myanmar 30 to support long-term change,” while another emphasized the need to balance short-term actions to address hate speech on Facebook and long-term actions needed to address the root causes. Another emphasized the need to “view the government as an essential partner, as that is the only sustainable way to address the root causes.” » Facebook’s link to human rights violations in Myanmar should not be overestimated. There is potential that the extensive public interest in the role of Facebook in Myanmar may divert attention away from the unwillingness of the government and the military to recognize human rights challenges and address their root causes—ultimately, it is the state that has a duty to protect human rights under international and domestic law. Said one interviewee: “While Facebook occupies a unique and important place in Myanmar, calls for Facebook to take action should not drown out the very real need for the government and citizens to take steps toward peace and reconciliation.” » A concerted effort by many parties is needed to (1) increase digital literacy and (2) spread counter-hate speech narratives that mitigate hate speech, misinformation, and harassment. Several interviewees emphasized Facebook’s significant influence in Myanmar to make the case for a very proactive and long-term Facebook role in both digital literacy and counter-hate speech narratives. One interviewee encouraged Facebook to “think big” and “engage in a sustained digital and media literacy campaign that goes well beyond socialization of the Community Standards and makes full use of prime real estate on the Facebook platform.” However, it will also be important to identify the right intervention points for these efforts, including local government representatives, civil society organizations, religious leaders, local celebrities and influencers, and mobile phone distribution networks and stores. While Facebook can make a substantial contribution—for example, by creating a Facebook-oriented digital literacy curriculum—the company’s main leverage resides with the Community Standards enforcement process and its own technology. As one interviewee explained, “Facebook’s leverage is first and foremost their ability to take content down swiftly, use technology to spot trends and remove bad accounts, and boost counternarrative generated by others.” By contrast, there is a need for more locally generated digital literacy and counter-hate speech narrative efforts, especially targeted at low-income groups, rural areas, and zones of intercommunal conflict. As one interviewee described, “Counter narrative needs to be done in a Burmese way, with Burmese people speaking to Burmese people. It also needs to be done in low-income areas, and both on and off the Facebook platform.” A different interviewee held a similar view, but emphasized the need for funding (including from Facebook) to make this happen. Another interviewee highlighted the need to generate content not just in Burmese, but in minority languages such as Ta’ang, Shan, Karen, and Mon. » There are specific steps Facebook can take to support a more positive and responsible public discourse. The national discourse is being undermined by the growth of misinformation and disinformation campaigns carried out daily on the Facebook platform to target a public with scant exposure to, or understanding of, free and independent media. Shifting this dynamic will require much more than the enforcement of Community Standards.