On the ground support, including support that, according to evidence in the Geedge dataset, is active and ongoing, for NCSC technicians to use Geedge Networks products for mass surveillance and targeting suggests facilitation of the junta's international crimes. Geedge Networks and individuals in directive positions within the company should therefore be investigated and, if responsible, held accountable for aiding and abetting serious international crimes. In the meantime, given Geedge Networks’ knowing violations of international human rights laws, governments should impose international sanctions. Geedge Networks is domiciled in China and is closely linked to the Chinese state. The Chinese government, under the banner of the Belt and Road Initiative, supports Geedge's expansionism and repression of the civilian population in Myanmar. The Chinese government bears liability for the actions of Geedge Networks in contributing to international law violations in Myanmar and has a responsibility to cease its exports and support. It must act now to end all Geedge collaboration with the junta. The multiple telecommunications companies in Myanmar that have installed Geedge technology are also liable for their role in the junta's surveillance machinery and de facto human rights harms that have taken place. Telecommunication companies identified as actively facilitating junta surveillance with Geedge products should be investigated and appropriate actions – including sanctions – should be taken. In the most egregious cases, this involvement could also trigger criminal liability under international law. Some of the telecommunications companies listed in this report have international partners and international investors. International expectations on responsible business conduct – including the Guiding Principles and the OECD Guidelines on Multinational Enterprises89 – make clear that where a company contributes to, or may contribute to adverse human rights impacts, it should mitigate or prevent such impacts, including by using its leverage on business partners that cause the harm. These expectations also apply to investors. Investors should use their leverage to ensure that investee companies act responsibly, and, where no improvement is seen, to divest from companies that do not act responsibly. Because the internet is broader than any physical public space, Geedge's operations in Myanmar prompt something more than alarm about systemic breaches of soft international law on business and human rights. The effect of Geedge's product is to repress the democratic power of the internet user population in Myanmar. Born in the original country of the “Great Firewall”, Geedge has gone on to prioritise relationships with other repressive and authoritarian states. Through 32

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