The Platform Question: Power, Accountability and Global South
rolls are administered through the MIS, this could have been
easily automated and computed to ensure workers are paid
their statutory dues, but the omission is by design to escape
accountability. In addition to the denial of wages, the MIS
has also been employed to deny the right to work itself, as
evidenced by the arbitrary cap of 20 open works per Panchayat
introduced on NREGASoft from July 2022. A work is considered
“open” until all processes relating to it have been completed,
including wage payment, material costs etc. This technical
intervention leads to workers being denied work under NREGA,
given the MIS does not allow for new muster rolls to be issued
if there are already twenty open works in the Panchayat.
Moreover, it goes against the principles of decentralisation and
democratic participation fundamental to MGNREGA, wherein
works are to be planned and executed at the Panchayat level
in consultation with the Gram Sabha based on local needs.
But the imposition of the 20-works ceiling undermines the
authority of the Gram Sabha, diminishes the role of the people
in providing for their infrastructural needs, and makes NREGA a
top-down scheme at the behest of the government in power.
The absence of
physical muster
rolls also means
workers do not
have any proof of
the actual number
of workdays
completed by
them, or worse,
they themselves
are not aware of
discrepancies in
their attendance.
92
Two other technologies introduced in the name of “citizen
oversight” and “preventing fraud” in MGNREGA are digital
attendance through the National Mobile Monitoring System
(NMMS) and wage payment using the Aadhaar-Based Payment
System (ABPS). NMMS requires time-stamped, geo-tagged
photos to be uploaded from the worksite twice a day (minimum
four hours apart) as evidence of workers’ attendance, which can
be a herculean task in remote rural areas having poor internet
infrastructure and low digital literacy. Previously, MGNREGA
attendance was captured by Mates on physical muster rolls
which enabled workers to inspect the muster rolls before
signing or putting their thumbprint on it. But with attendance
now being recorded solely through the NMMS app, accessible
only through the Mates’ login, it has effectively done away with
workers’ oversight altogether.
The absence of physical muster rolls also means workers
do not have any proof of the actual number of workdays
completed by them, or worse, they themselves are not aware
of discrepancies in their attendance. ABPS, on the other hand,
involves a cumbersome process of seeding the worker’s job
card and bank account with Aadhaar as well as connecting their
bank account with the NPCI mapper. This involves meeting
Platformed Lives: Technology, Accountability, and the Reshaping of Everyday Work
The Platform Question: Power, Accountability and Global South
stringent KYC requirements where even minor discrepancies
in spelling of names, addresses etc. lead to failure. Thousands
of workers have not been paid for work done by them either
due to their attendance not being marked on NMMS or for
not being ABPS-compliant. Moreover, ABPS has resulted in
widespread deletion of job cards, with 9 crore workers’ names
deleted since 2022.
Street Vendors and Digital Dispossession in the
Informal Economy
Street vending sustains the urban economy and provides
livelihoods to millions who remain excluded from formal
employment. Recognizing this, the Street Vendors (Protection
of Livelihood and Regulation of Street Vending) Act, 2014 was
a landmark victory, one that codified the right to vending
and institutionalized participatory governance through
Town Vending Committees (TVCs). The law’s spirit is rooted
in inclusion, decentralization, and democratic oversight. Yet,
across India, its implementation remains mired in bureaucratic
opacity and administrative inertia.
In Meghalaya, the Greater Shillong Progressive Hawkers
and Street Vendors Association (GSPHSVA) has been at the
forefront of efforts to ensure that this progressive legislation
is realized in both letter and spirit. Representing vendors in the
Town Vending Committee, the association has long advocated
for transparent and accountable systems-especially for
conducting the in-situ survey, the first and most crucial step
in identifying existing vendors and recognizing their legal right
to livelihood. Historically, this process has been fraught with
manipulation, exclusion, and administrative chaos. To address
these challenges, the Association supported the idea of a digital
survey that could ensure accuracy, legitimacy, and real-time
accountability through features such as acknowledgement
receipts, unique tracking numbers, and public disclosure of
survey results.
However, the promise of this digital intervention quickly
unraveled. Despite a public expenditure of nearly Rs 10 lakh,
the survey system failed to generate even the most basic
transparency tools. No real-time receipts were issued, no
tracking numbers were assigned, and most critically, the full
Despite a public
expenditure of
nearly Rs 10 lakh,
the survey system
failed to generate
even the most
basic transparency
tools. No real-time
receipts were
issued, no tracking
numbers were
assigned, and most
critically, the full
survey data was
never disclosed.
Platformed Lives: Technology, Accountability, and the Reshaping of Everyday Work
93
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