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LIST OF INTERVIEWS • Afia Amani Grands-Lacs, August 24, 2021, via Zoom • Africa Check Senegal, August 6, 2021, via Zoom • AIRA (Africa Infodemic Response Alliance), August 20, 2021, via Zoom • Amnesty International, August 24, 2021, via Microsoft Teams • Bellingcat, August 26, 2021, via Microsoft Teams • Cellule Anti Fake News, August 10, 2021, via Zoom • Check Global (Meedan), August 18, 2021, via Zoom • Countering Disinformation and Misinformation Project (Center for Democracy and Development), September 13, 2021, via Zoom • Covid-19 Response in Africa: Together for Reliable Information, August 19, 2021, via Zoom • Desinfox Africa (CFI Media Development), September 1, 2021, via Zoom • Digital Africa Research Lab, September 8, 2021, via Zoom • Dubawa (Premium Times Center for Investigative Journalism), August 24, 2021, via Zoom • EISA (Electoral Institute for Sustainable Democracy in Africa), August 31, 2021, via Zoom • eyeWitness Global, August 25, 2021, via Microsoft Teams • GAPA (Ghana Association of Persons Living with Albinism), September 16, 2021, via WhatsApp and Zoom • GIZ (German Society for International Cooperation), September 2, 2021, via Zoom • Internet Without Borders, September 3, 2021, via Zoom • IvoireCheck (Réseau des Professionnels de la Presse en Ligne de Côte d’Ivoire), August 17, 2021, via Zoom • Namibia Fact Check (Institute for Public Policy Research), August 26, 2021, via Zoom • ODIL (L’Observatoire des initiatives de lutte contre la désinformation), September 8, 2021, via Zoom • Paradigm Initiative, August 23, 2021, via Microsoft Teams • Pollicy, September 13, 2021, via Zoom • Promise Tracker (Africa Check), August 20, 2021, via Zoom • Section 27, August 30, 2021, via Microsoft Teams • Viral Facts Africa (part of AIRA, managed by Fathm), September 9, 2021, via Zoom I N FO R M ATI O N D I SO R D ER IN THE GLOBA L SOUTH NOTES 1. This took the form of the production of illegal pamphlets, known as the gutter press, which criticised the Kenyan government. 2. Two satirical pieces, a deck of playing cards, and a publication titled “A Guide to Dangerous Snakes in Zimbabwe” used political cartoons as a means of resistance to President Mugabe’s authoritarian rule (see Hammett 2011). 3. This graph excludes eleven initiatives, whose founding dates are unknown. 4. All quotations from interviews in French have been translated by the interviewer and subsequently edited. 5. Laws against “falsehoods” are principally meant to restrict what media houses and the press can publish. In certain instances, the media and press are specifically prohibited from publishing certain things about influential people (mostly politicians). Laws against misor disinformation, on the other hand, are more generally applied. 6. This post has since been removed. 7. Geoffrey York, July 20, 2020, 17:42, https://twitter.com/geoffreyyork/ status/1285238583885004801. 8. Translated by the authors of this study. CORRECTION: This version of the regional report has been corrected to indicate that Digital Africa Research Lab has never received funding from the Twitter, as was incorrectly stated in a previous version of the report. Sub -Saharan Africa – 1 89