Below: Table 11: Overview of the operations of Lawyers Hub Kenya Bottom: Table 12: Overview of Check Global Following page, top: Table 13: Overview of the operations of eyeWitness Global as images and videos. Organizations such as eyeWitness, Amnesty International, and Bellingcat use this approach to validate visual information for documentation of human rights violations or for criminal proceedings. This method is relatively rare in sub-Saharan Africa. Check Global (see Table 12) is an example of a tool used in the region. In addition, Table 13 provides an overview of eyeWitness Global. STRATEGIC SUPPORT Some actors focus on providing a broad base of support services to strengthen the information ecosystem in general and to facilitate the work of stakeholders trying to counter information disorder. An example is AIRA, discussed in Table 14. Following page, bottom: Table 14: Overview of the operations of AIRA Lawyers Hub Kenya About Lawyers Hub is a Kenya-based legal-tech organization offering technology solutions for legal professionals as well as research on digital policy. Established Unknown Reach Africa Methods and activities Lawyers Hub Kenya monitors the legal environment and advocates appropriate legislation on mis- and disinformation. In 2019, they made submissions to Parliament to highlight the undesirable effects of the government’s proposed social media bill, the Kenya Information and Communications (Amendment) Bill, 2019. While the bill was intended to control mis- and disinformation by regulating content on platforms, it also had provisions that Lawyers Hub believed would have a detrimental effect on freedom of expression. Their memorandum to the National Assembly regarding the African Charter on Democracy, Elections, and Governance also highlighted the impact of political mis- and disinformation on free speech, transparency, and the fairness and credibility of elections in the country (Lawyers Hub Kenya 2020). In view of the proliferation of political and Covid-19-related mis- and disinformation across platforms in Kenya, Lawyers Hub is planning to partner with organizations to monitor and study the spread of mis- and disinformation during election periods. Political mis- and disinformation is the main target, because elections are particularly emotive in Kenya and have led to post-election violence, as happened in 2007/2008. The organization publishes a newsletter that shares information on the nature of mis- and disinformation. It also uses its platform to call for stronger media content moderation. Following an internal capacity-building program, the team identified some technological tools that they can use to facilitate their fact-checking work. The main target audience for this is civil society for informational purposes, but the goal is to also to target Lawyers Hub members and legislators in order to have practical and policy influence. Other methods Research, policy analysis Check Global About Check Global is a technological resource provided by Meedan, a non-profit organization that develops technology to promote digital literacy and enhance access to quality information around the world. Meedan awards micro-grants to organizations to support research, data collection, networking, training, and technology development, all in the interest of improving access to information. Its primary concern is with countering disinformation, although it does not focus on any particular type of disinformation. The organizations it works with commonly target electoral and/or political disinformation, disinformation threatening the rights of minority groups (sexual minorities, women, disabled groups, refugees), doxing attacks, and reproductive and mental health myths. Established 2013 Reach Kenya, Zimbabwe, and globally Partners Technologists, newsrooms, fact checkers, public health professionals, NGOs, academic institutions, platforms Methods and activities Meedan builds open-source software for fact checkers that uses bots and algorithms to streamline the repetitive aspects of curating and fact checking online information. Check Global is a repository of checked facts, is linked to a WhatsApp tipline, and serves as a collaboration platform for fact checkers. The tool is provided free of charge to Meedan grant recipients. Other activities Fact checking, capacity building, funding, education, digital literacy Challenges Insufficient human resources relative to the scale of the problem I N FO R M ATI O N D I SO R D ER IN THE GLOBA L SOUTH Sub -Saharan Africa – 1 55