There are multiple initiatives monitoring Facebook content containing false and hateful information but most attempt to mitigate risk by remaining low profile and therefore do not publish public reports. Some content can be seen publicly, such as for example on “ဟ4 တ်တယ် Vs 242 မဟ4တ်ဘRး [Real or not],” @realornot.mm, https://www.facebook.com/realornot.mm/ and “ေတွး ZပီးမEယံ4 [Think Before You Trust],” @ThinkBeforeYouTrust, https://www.facebook.com/ThinkBeforeYouTrust/. 243 Hunter Marston, “The hate speech threat to the 2020 election,” Frontier, April 6, 2019, https://frontiermyanmar.net/en/the-hate-speech-threat-tothe-2020-election; “Hate speech intensity and trajectory could shift in Myanmar 2020 elections,” Mizzima, November 30, 2019, http://mizzima.com/article/hate-speech-intensity-and-trajectory-could-shift-myanmar-2020-elections. 244 Htet Naing Zaw, “Incoming Info Minister Pe Myint: ‘I Will Ensure Press Freedom’,” The Irrawaddy, March 28, 2016, https://www.irrawaddy.com/in-person/interview/incoming-info-minister-pe-myint-will-ensure-press-freedom.html. 245 Nyan Hlaing Lynn, “Pe Myint: ‘A government needs to inform the people’,” Frontier, May 6, 2016, https://frontiermyanmar.net/en/pe-myint-agovernment-needs-to-inform-the-people. 246 “Freedom of the Press 2017 – Myanmar,” Freedom House, May 10, 2017, https://web.archive.org/web/20170510172325/https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-press/2017/myanmar. 247 Discussions at the Myanmar Media Conference, Naypyidaw, December 2018. 248 MOI Webportal Myanmar, @MOIWebportalMyanmar, https://www.facebook.com/MOIWebportalMyanmar/. 249 Myanmar State Counsellor Office, @state.counsellor, https://www.facebook.com/state.counsellor/. 250 It was originally called the “State Counsellor’s Information Committee,” before being renamed, possibly to distance her from some of the page’s more infamous pronouncements. Information Committee, @InformationCommittee, https://www.facebook.com/InfomationCommittee/. 251 Mratt Kyaw Thu, “Tatmadaw warns journalists against calling domestic conflicts ‘civil wars’,” Frontier, January 18, 2019, https://frontiermyanmar.net/en/tatmadaw-warns-journalists-against-calling-domestic-conflicts-civil-wars. 252 Often posts included disinformation around specific human rights violations and includes graphic imagery. For example, in March 2018, in response to criticism from the British government, the Office of the Commander-in-Chief posted on its Facebook page images of dismembered children alleging that they were killed by the Rohingya, see Timothy McLaughlin, “How Facebook’s Rise Fueled Chaos and Confusion in Myanmar,” Wired, June 7, 2018, https://www.wired.com/story/how-facebooks-rise-fueled-chaos-and-confusion-in-myanmar/. 253 Paul Mozur, “A Genocide Incited on Facebook, With Posts From Myanmar’s Military,” The New York Times, October 15, 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/15/technology/myanmar-facebook-genocide.html. 254 Nathaniel Gleicher, “Taking Down More Coordinated Inauthentic Behavior in Myanmar,” Facebook, August 21, 2019, https://about.fb.com/news/2019/08/more-cib-myanmar/. 255 Megan Specia and Paul Mozur, “A War of Words Puts Facebook at the Center of Myanmar’s Rohingya Crisis,” The New York Times, October 27, 2017, https://nyti.ms/2yRCADT. 256 Anthony Kuhn, “Concern Is High Over Facebook's Role In Fanning Violence In Myanmar,” NPR, June 14, 2018, https://www.npr.org/2018/06/14/619854631/concern-is-high-over-facebooks-role-in-fanning-violence-in-myanmar. 257 Annie Gowen and Max Bearak, “Fake news on Facebook fans the flames of hate against the Rohingya in Burma,” The Washington Post, December 8, 2017, https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/fake-news-on-facebook-fans-the-flames-of-hate-against-the-rohingya-inburma/2017/12/07/2c1fe830-ca1f-11e7-b506-8a10ed11ecf5_story.html. 258 There are multiple initiatives monitoring Facebook content containing false and hateful information but most attempt to mitigate risk by remaining low profile and therefore do not publish public reports. Some content can be seen publicly, such as for example on “ဟ4 တ်တယ် Vs မဟ4တ်ဘRး [Real or not],” @realornot.mm, https://www.facebook.com/realornot.mm/ and “ေတွး ZပီးမEယံ4 [Think Before You Trust],” @ThinkBeforeYouTrust, https://www.facebook.com/ThinkBeforeYouTrust/. 259 Hunter Marston, “The hate speech threat to the 2020 election,” Frontier, April 6, 2019, https://frontiermyanmar.net/en/the-hate-speech-threat-tothe-2020-election; “Hate speech intensity and trajectory could shift in Myanmar 2020 elections,” Mizzima, November 30, 2019, http://mizzima.com/article/hate-speech-intensity-and-trajectory-could-shift-myanmar-2020-elections. 260 “Printing and Publishing Law,” Free Expression Myanmar, March 14, 2014, http://freeexpressionmyanmar.org/wpcontent/uploads/2017/02/Printing-and-Publishing-Law-EN.pdf. 261 “Printing and Publishing Law,” Free Expression Myanmar, March 14, 2014, http://freeexpressionmyanmar.org/wpcontent/uploads/2017/02/Printing-and-Publishing-Law-EN.pdf. 262 Hanna Beech and Saw Nang, “In Myanmar, a Facebook Blackout Brings More Anger Than a Genocide Charge,” The New York Times, August 31, 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/31/world/asia/myanmar-genocide-facebook-military.html. 263 It is not a “civil war” but rather a “war of annihilation against insurgents”, see Mratt Kyaw Thu, “Tatmadaw warns journalists against calling domestic conflicts ‘civil wars’,” Frontier, January 18, 2019, https://frontiermyanmar.net/en/tatmadaw-warns-journalists-against-calling-domesticconflicts-civil-wars. 264 Peter Lloyd, “Burma leader Aung San Suu Kyi bans use of Rohingya name for oppressed Muslims,” ABC News, June 22, 2016, http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-06-22/aung-san-suu-kyi-bans-use-of-rohingya-name/7534410. 265 “BBC Burma pulls Myanmar TV deal over Rohingya 'censorship',” Channel News Asia, September 4, 2017, https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/bbc-burma-pulls-myanmar-tv-deal-over-rohingya-censorship-9183386. 266 “US-backed broadcaster drops Myanmar channel in dispute over terminology,” Mizzima, June 13, 2018, http://www.mizzima.com/newsdomestic/us-backed-broadcaster-drops-myanmar-channel-dispute-over-terminology. 267 “US-backed broadcaster drops Myanmar channel in dispute,” Frontier, June 12, 2018, https://frontiermyanmar.net/en/us-backed-broadcasterdrops-myanmar-channel-in-dispute. 268 “The Global State of Digital in 2020 Report,” Hootsuite, [n.d.], https://hootsuite.com/resources/digital-2020. 269 7 day news journal 24m; Eleven media group 19m; BBC Burmese 16m; see “Myanmar Facebook page statistics,” Social Bakers, [n.d.], https://www.socialbakers.com/statistics/facebook/pages/total/myanmar/. 270 Hanna Beech and Saw Nang, “In Myanmar, a Facebook Blackout Brings More Anger Than a Genocide Charge,” The New York Times, August 31, 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/31/world/asia/myanmar-genocide-facebook-military.html. 271 It is not a “civil war” but rather a “war of annihilation against insurgents”, see Mratt Kyaw Thu, “Tatmadaw warns journalists against calling domestic conflicts ‘civil wars’,” Frontier, January 18, 2019, https://frontiermyanmar.net/en/tatmadaw-warns-journalists-against-calling-domesticconflicts-civil-wars. 272 Peter Lloyd, “Burma leader Aung San Suu Kyi bans use of Rohingya name for oppressed Muslims,” ABC News, June 22, 2016, http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-06-22/aung-san-suu-kyi-bans-use-of-rohingya-name/7534410. 273 “BBC Burma pulls Myanmar TV deal over Rohingya 'censorship',” Channel News Asia, September 4, 2017, https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/bbc-burma-pulls-myanmar-tv-deal-over-rohingya-censorship-9183386. 274 “US-backed broadcaster drops Myanmar channel in dispute over terminology,” Mizzima, June 13, 2018, http://www.mizzima.com/newsdomestic/us-backed-broadcaster-drops-myanmar-channel-dispute-over-terminology. Free Expression Myanmar (FEM) and Freedom House - Freedom of the Net: Myanmar - အင်တာနက်ေပ*တွင် လွတ်လပ်မ/ - ြမန်မာ2ိ4င်ငံ - Page 53