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http://mizzima.com/article/authorities-arreststudents-over-rakhine-internet-shutdown-protest. 281 Annie Zaman, “Activists demand end to year-long internet disruption in Myanmar's Rakhine and Chin States,” Advox, June 26, 2020, https://advox.globalvoices.org/2020/06/26/activists-demand-end-to-year-long-internet-disruption-in-myanmars-rakhine-and-chin-states/. 282 Waiyan Moe Myint [Ye Kaung Myint Maung, Roseanne Gerin], “Six Activists Charged For Protest Against Internet Ban in Myanmar’s Rakhine,” Radio Free Asia, June 24, 2020, https://www.rfa.org/english/news/myanmar/activists-charged-06242020154538.html. 283 Myanmar: Reverse Conviction of Activist Poet, Uphold Right to Freedom of Expression,” Fortify Rights, September 4, 2020, https://www.fortifyrights.org/mya-inv-2020-09-04/ 284 San Yamin Aung, “Military Chief’s Comment on Tatmadaw ‘Representing’ the People Draws Backlash Online,” The Irrawaddy, July 12, 2018, https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/military-chiefs-comment-tatmadaw-representing-people-draws-backlash-online.html. 285 “#ArrestMeToo and a black front page: Myanmar rejects jailing of Reuters reporters,” The Guardian, September 6, 2018, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/sep/06/arrestmetoo-and-a-black-front-page-myanmar-rejects-jailing-of-reuters-reporters. 286 Mong Palatino and Thant Sin, “#SayNOto66d: Documenting the Surge of Online Defamation Cases in Myanmar,” Advox, March 21, 2018, https://advox.globalvoices.org/2018/03/21/saynoto66d-documenting-the-surge-of-online-defamation-cases-in-myanmar/. 287 Oliver Spencer and Yin Yadanar Thein, “It's time to get rid of criminal defamation,” Frontier, January 24, 2019, https://frontiermyanmar.net/en/itstime-to-get-rid-of-criminal-defamation. 288 Personal communications with Rohingya activists in Europe, February 2018. 289 Julia Carrie Wong, Michael Safi, and Shaikh Azizur Rahman, “Facebook bans Rohingya group's posts as minority faces 'ethnic cleansing',” The Guardian, September 20, 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/sep/20/facebook-rohingya-muslims-myanmar. 290 “'Justice for Victoria': Toddler testifies in Myanmar 'nursery rape' case,” BBC News, September 11, 2019, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia49660087. 291 Thompson Chau, “Protesters demand end to internet blackout in Rakhine,” Myanmar Times, December 25, 2019, https://www.mmtimes.com/news/protesters-demand-end-internet-blackout-rakhine.html. 292 “Authorities arrest students over Rakhine internet shutdown protest,” Mizzima, February 26, 2020, http://mizzima.com/article/authorities-arreststudents-over-rakhine-internet-shutdown-protest. 293 Annie Zaman, “Activists demand end to year-long internet disruption in Myanmar's Rakhine and Chin States,” Advox, June 26, 2020, https://advox.globalvoices.org/2020/06/26/activists-demand-end-to-year-long-internet-disruption-in-myanmars-rakhine-and-chin-states/. 294 Waiyan Moe Myint [Ye Kaung Myint Maung, Roseanne Gerin], “Six Activists Charged For Protest Against Internet Ban in Myanmar’s Rakhine,” Radio Free Asia, June 24, 2020, https://www.rfa.org/english/news/myanmar/activists-charged-06242020154538.html. 295 Myanmar: Reverse Conviction of Activist Poet, Uphold Right to Freedom of Expression,” Fortify Rights, September 4, 2020, https://www.fortifyrights.org/mya-inv-2020-09-04/ 296 San Yamin Aung, “Military Chief’s Comment on Tatmadaw ‘Representing’ the People Draws Backlash Online,” The Irrawaddy, July 12, 2018, https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/military-chiefs-comment-tatmadaw-representing-people-draws-backlash-online.html. 297 “#ArrestMeToo and a black front page: Myanmar rejects jailing of Reuters reporters,” The Guardian, September 6, 2018, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/sep/06/arrestmetoo-and-a-black-front-page-myanmar-rejects-jailing-of-reuters-reporters. 298 Mong Palatino and Thant Sin, “#SayNOto66d: Documenting the Surge of Online Defamation Cases in Myanmar,” Advox, March 21, 2018, https://advox.globalvoices.org/2018/03/21/saynoto66d-documenting-the-surge-of-online-defamation-cases-in-myanmar/. 299 Oliver Spencer and Yin Yadanar Thein, “It's time to get rid of criminal defamation,” Frontier, January 24, 2019, https://frontiermyanmar.net/en/itstime-to-get-rid-of-criminal-defamation. 300 Personal communications with Rohingya activists in Europe, February 2018. 301 Julia Carrie Wong, Michael Safi, and Shaikh Azizur Rahman, “Facebook bans Rohingya group's posts as minority faces 'ethnic cleansing',” The Guardian, September 20, 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/sep/20/facebook-rohingya-muslims-myanmar. 302 Constitution of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar (2008), Article 6(e). 303 Constitution of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar (2008) Article 354(a). 304 Constitution of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar (2008) Article 365. 305 Constitution of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar (2008) Article 354. Article 365 includes a similar broad and vague limitation. 306 Win Ko Ko and Wai Mar Tun [Khet Mar and Ye Khaung Myint Maung, Roseanne Gerin], “New Committee Maps Out Plans to Amend Myanmar’s Constitution,” Radio Free Asia, February 25, 2019, https://www.rfa.org/english/news/myanmar/new-committee-maps-out-plans02252019170851.html. 307 “20 expert organisations urge Myanmar to fully guarantee the internationally protected right to freedom of expression in the Constitution,” Free Expression Myanmar, April 11, 2019, http://freeexpressionmyanmar.org/20-expert-organisations-urge-myanmar-to-fully-guarantee-theinternationally-protected-right-to-freedom-of-expression-in-the-constitution/. 308 “Monitoring in Myanmar: An Analysis of Myanmar’s Compliance with Fair Trial Rights,” Justice Base, October 2017, https://www.myjusticemyanmar.org/sites/default/files/Justice-Base-Monitoring-in-Myanmar-An-Analysis-of-Myanmars-Compliance-with-FairTrial-Rights-ENG.pdf. 309 “66(d): no real change,” Free Expression Myanmar, December 2017, http://freeexpressionmyanmar.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/66d-no-realchange.pdf. 310 Personal communications with a range of lawyers acting for defendants on digital-related cases, December 2017. 311 “Superficial amendment leaves Broadcasting Law undemocratic,” Free Expression Myanmar, September 13, 2018, http://freeexpressionmyanmar.org/superficial-amendment-leaves-broadcasting-law-undemocratic/. 312 Naw Betty Han, “New Myanmar Press Council committee members challenged to fix Media Act,” Myanmar Times, August 20, 2018, https://www.mmtimes.com/news/new-myanmar-press-council-committee-members-challenged-fix-media-act.html. 313 Pyae Phyo Aung, “Gov’t urged to pass the Right to Information Law,” Eleven Media Group, December 11, 2018, https://elevenmyanmar.com/news/govt-urged-to-pass-the-right-to-information-law. 314 “New National Records and Archives Law preserves government secrecy,” Free Expression Myanmar, March 12, 2020, http://freeexpressionmyanmar.org/new-national-records-and-archives-law-preserves-government-secrecy/. 275 Free Expression Myanmar (FEM) and Freedom House - Freedom of the Net: Myanmar - အင်တာနက်ေပ*တွင် လွတ်လပ်မ/ - ြမန်မာ2ိ4င်ငံ - Page 54