ASEAN Regional Coalition to #StopDigitalDictatorship Endnotes 1. Freedom House, FREEDOM IN THE WORLD 2020: Myanmar, (n.d.), available at: https://freedomhouse. org/country/myanmar/freedom-world/2020.; Freedom House, FREEDOM On The Net 2020: Myanmar, (n.d.), available at: https://freedomhouse.org/country/myanmar/freedom-net/2020.; Reporters sans frontières, RSF’s World Press Freedom Index, (2020), available at:https://rsf.org/ en/index?year=2020.; Freedom House, FREEDOM IN THE WORLD 2021: Myanmar, (n.d.) ,available at: https://freedomhouse.org/country/myanmar/ freedom-world/2021.; Freedom House, FREEDOM On The Net 2021: Malaysia, (n.d.), available at: https://freedomhouse.org/country/myanmar/ freedom-net/2021.; Reporters sans frontières, RSF’s World Press Freedom Index, (2021), available at:https://rsf.org/en/index?year=2021.; Freedom House, FREEDOM IN THE WORLD 2022: Myanmar, (n.d.), available at: https://freedomhouse.org/ country/myanmar/freedom-world/2022.; Freedom House, FREEDOM On The Net 2022: Malaysia (n.d.), available at: https://freedomhouse.org/country/ myanmar/freedom-net/2022.; Reporters sans frontières, RSF’s World Press Freedom Index, (2022), available at: https://rsf.org/en/index?year=2022.; Freedom House, FREEDOM IN THE WORLD 2023: Myanmar, (n.d.), available at: https://freedomhouse. org/country/myanmar/freedom-world/2023.; Freedom House, FREEDOM On The Net 2023: Malaysia, (n.d.), available at: https://freedomhouse.org/country/myanmar/freedom-net/2023.; Reporters sans frontières, RSF’s World Press Freedom Index, (2023), available at:https://rsf.org/en/index?year=2023. 2. Myanmar’s Constitution of 2008, available at: https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/ Myanmar_2008.pdf?lang=en 3. Free Expression Myanmar, Universal Periodic Review, (10 January 2020), available at: https:// freeexpressionmyanmar.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/FEM-Submission-to-the-UPR.pdf 4. Free Expression Myanmar, Statement by Myanmar civil society organisations on the unconstitutionality of new “laws”, (19 February 2021), available at: https://freeexpressionmyanmar.org/ statement-by-myanmar-civil-society-organisations-on-the-unconstitutionality-of-new-laws/ 5. 6. 206 Free Expression Myanmar, Military’s cyber security bill worse than their previous draft, (27 January 2022), available at: https://freeexpressionmyanmar. org/militarys-cyber-security-bill-worse-than-their-previous-draft/ The Penal Code (1861), available at: https://www. wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/en/mm/mm004en. pdf 7. Amendment of Telecommunications Law (2017), available at: https://freeexpressionmyanmar.org/ wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Telecommunications-Law-Amendment-EN.pdf 8. The 2014 Amended Electronic Transactions Law, available at: https://www.myanmar-law-library.org/ law-library/laws-and-regulations/laws/myanmarlaws-1988-until-now/union-solidarity-and-development-party-laws-2012-2016/myanmar-laws-2014/ pyudaungsu-hluttaw-law-no-6-2014-law-amendingthe-electronic-transactions-law.html 9. Anti-Corruption Law (2013), available at: http:// www.asean-pac.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/ ACCL_en_4.pdf 10. News Media Law (2014), available at: https:// freeexpressionmyanmar.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/News-Media-Law-EN.pdf 11. Law Protecting the Security and Privacy of Citizens (2017), available at: https://www.myanmar-responsiblebusiness.org/pdf/Law-Protecting-Privacy-and-Security-of-Citizens_en_unofficial.pdf 12. The Penal Code (1861), available at: https://www. wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/en/mm/mm004en. pdf;, State Administration Council Law No (5/2021) Law Amending the Penal Code, available at: https:// www.icnl.org/wp-content/uploads/penalcode.pdf 13. Human Rights Watch, Myanmar: Post-Coup Legal Changes Erode Human Rights, (2 March 2021), available at: https://www.hrw.org/ news/2021/03/02/myanmar-post-coup-legal-changes-erode-human-rights 14. News Media Law (2014), available at: https:// freeexpressionmyanmar.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/News-Media-Law-EN.pdf; Printing and Publishing Law (2014), available at: https:// freeexpressionmyanmar.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Printing-and-Publishing-Law-EN.pdf 15. Broadcasting Law (2015), available at : https://www.article19.org/data/files/medialibrary/38199/15-11-24-Myanmar-Broadcasting-analysis.pdf 16. Telecommunications Law No. 31/ 2013, available at: https://freeexpressionmyanmar.org/wp-content/ uploads/2017/07/telecommunications-law-en.pdf 17. Official Secrets Act (1923), available at: https:// freeexpressionmyanmar.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Official-Secrets-Act-EN.pdf Dawn of Digital Dictatorship: Weaponizing the Law Against Online Speech in Southeast Asia