ASEAN Regional Coalition to #StopDigitalDictatorship INTERSECTIONAL GENDER ANALYSIS: ONLINE GENDER BASED VIOLENCE IN MYANMAR Online Gender-based Violence (OGBV) is a crucial issue in Myanmar, requiring a thorough understanding of its intersectional nature with intersectional lens. It particularly targets women, members of the LGBTQ+ community, ethnic and religious minorities, as well as other vulnerable groups.114 These incidents represent a violation of universal human rights, protected by international human rights conventions. They affect areas such as the right to personal security, the right to the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health, the right to freedom from torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment, and the right to life (IASC). It should be pointed out that the literature on genderbased online violence, although intersectionality, remains limited. This documentation therefore focuses particularly on cases of violence against women, which are those that have been studied most extensively.115 Online hate is the most commonly documented behaviour.116 Specifically, a study conducted by Myanmar Witness in late 2022 revealed alarming results about the prevalence of online hate particularly among the Burmese military and its supporters. Their analysis based on 1.6 million messages on Telegram revealed that politically motivated online abuse against women was at least five times more prevalent compared to the weeks following the coup. The total prevalence of abusive messages targeting women on Telegram was up to 500 times higher than international benchmarks for social media abuse. Among all online abuse, up to 8,338 abusive messages on Telegram targeting women with hateful rhetoric and up to 15,000 other doxxing messages were identified. Of the doxxing analysed, 28% included an explicit call Myanmar to punish the targeted women and asking the military junta to arrest the woman and/or seize her goods. In addition, there is evidence that doxxing campaigns are coordinated through Telegram channels sympathetic to the State Administrative Council (SAC). These channels play an active role in informing about women who oppose the SAC and celebrating news of their arrests. It is important to note that Myanmar Witness highlights a significant dark figure. Indeed, a number of posts have been deleted or coded to go unnoticed by radar. As far as online abusers are concerned, most are men who support the military coup in Myanmar, mainly targeting women. In fact, around 90% of abusive messages come from Pro-State Administration Council accounts, while 70% of abusers are men. In addition, around 83% of messages targeted women supporting the Myanmar National Unity Government (NUG) or the People’s Defence Forces (PDF).117 199