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ASEAN Regional Coalition to #StopDigitalDictatorship 104. Reporters Without Borders, Malaysian police investigate reporter who covered Covid-19 arrests, (6 May 2020), available at: https://rsf.org/en/news/ malaysian-police-investigate-reporter-who-covered-covid-19-arrests 114. Kryss Network, Overview of Monitoring and Documentation of Online Gender-Based Violence for Year 2022 – KRYSS NETWORK, (15 June 2022), available at: https://kryss.network/2023/06/15/overview_ ogbv_2022/ 105. Malaysia Kini, Cops probe portal over report on outbreak at vaccination centre, (27 July 2021), available at: https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/584666 115. Focus Malaysia, Sanusi slammed over “extremist, misogynistic” remarks on women leaders, (12 November 2022), available at: https://focusmalaysia. my/sanusi-slammed-over-extremist-misogynistic-remarks-on-women-leaders/ 106. ARTICLE 19, Malaysia: Satire is not a crime, drop charges against Fahmi Reza, (10 February 2022), available at https://www.article19.org/resources/ malaysia-satire-is-not-a-crime-drop-charges-againstfahmi-reza/ 107. Eige Europe, Gender Equality Index 2020: Digitalisation and the future of work, (n.d.)., available at: https://eige.europa.eu/publications-resources/ toolkits-guides/gender-equality-index-2020-report/ when-gender-based-violence-goes-digital?language_ content_entity=en 108. Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia, Gender Security and Safety in the ASEAN Digital Economy,, (December 2022), available at: https:// www.eria.org/uploads/media/discussion-papers/ FY22/Gender-Security-and-Safety-in-the-ASEAN-Digital-Economy.pdf 109. LB Systems, “Cyber harassment in Malaysia – What do we see happening?” Malaysian Centre for Constitutionalism and Human Rights, (31 January 2018), available at: https://mcchr.org/2018/01/31/cyberharassment-in-malaysia-what-do-we-see-happening/ 110. UN Women Asia Pacific, Online Violence Against Women in Asia: A Multicountry Study, (7 December 2020), available at: https://asiapacific.unwomen. org/sites/default/files/Field%20Office%20ESEAsia/ Docs/Publications/2020/12/ap-ICT-VAWG-report7Dec20.pdf 111. Queer Lapis, Survey findings: Impact of Covid-19 & anti-LGBT narratives on LGBTQ+ persons in Malaysia, (December 2021) 112. Justice for Sisters, Apply Standing Orders Towards Offensive Speech Against Lgbt People, (19 March 2019), available at: https://justiceforsisters.wordpress.com/2019/03/19/apply-standing-orders-towards-offensive-speech-against-lgbt-people/ 113. Azman Americana, The appointment of a transgender queen in the CCM violates the country’s laws, (10 July 2019), available at: https://azmanamericana.blogspot.com/2019/07/pelantikan-ratu-transgender-dalam-ccm.html 178 116. Malay Mail, Anti-stalking Bill passed unanimously in Parliament, (3 October 2022), available at: https:// www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2022/10/03/ anti-stalking-bill-passed-unanimously-in-parliament/31407 117. Women Aid Organisation, Survey supports calls to Make Stalking A Crime in Malaysia, (16 December 2020), available at: https://wao.org.my/wp-content/ uploads/2020/12/Survey-supports-calls-to-MakeStalking-A-Crime-in-Malaysia-WAO-Presentation.pdf 118. New Straits Times, Woman stabbed at home, children unharmed, (15 April 2021), available at: https://www.nst.com.my/news/crimecourts/2021/04/682415/woman-stabbed-homechildren-unharmed 119. Malaysian Bar, Legal news, (n.d.), available at: https://www.malaysianbar.org.my/article/news/legal-and-general-news/legal-news/the-god-provision 120. Gary Chen. 2007. “The Right of Access to Justice: Judicial Discourse in Singapore and Malaysia”, Asian Journal of Comparative Law. 2(1), , available at: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/13249002.pdf 121. US Department of State, 2020 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Malaysia, (30 March 2021), available at: https://www.state.gov/reports/2020-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/malaysia/; Freedom House, Freedom in the World 2021: Malaysia, (n.d.), available at: https://freedomhouse.org/country/malaysia/freedom-world/2021 122. Security Offenses (Special Measures) Act of 2012, available at: https://www.icj.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/Malaysia-Security-Offences-Special-Measures-Act-2012-eng.pdf 123. Prevention of Terrorism Act of 2015, available at: https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/ELECTRONIC/103086/124977/F2110669281/MYS103086. pdf; The amended Prevention of Crime Act (2015), available at: https://www.cljlaw.com/files/bills/ pdf/2015/MY_FS_BIL_2015_08.pdf; National Se- Dawn of Digital Dictatorship: Weaponizing the Law Against Online Speech in Southeast Asia

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Dawn of Digital Dictatorship: Weaponizing the Law Against Online Speech in Southeast Asia March 2024

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Topic

Digital Rights
Digital Surveillance
Information Operation
Internet Restrictions

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MANUSHYA

Date Published: Mar 8, 2024

Abstract: Dawn of Digital Dictatorship: Weaponizing the Law Against Online Speech in Southeast Asia March 2024 Whether we like it or not, we are living through a pivotal moment for the future of human rights. This includes the issue of our digital rights, and the question of our online freedoms. In places like Southeast Asia, where the majority of its peoples are experiencing immense threats to their online and offline freedoms, at the hands of opportunistic governments and corporations, this is especially prevalent. The digital space has become an integral part of human life, and is still growing in its influence over our world. Accordingly, if our freedoms in the digital space are endangered, our freedoms overall are endangered as well.

It is understandable to feel powerless while possessing this knowledge. But it is not enough to just know about the forces acting against our human rights, and understand that they are dangerous. If we truly want to create a safer, more equitable, more liberated world - which we all know, deep down, is possible - we must understand these forces, and act accordingly. We must equip ourselves with knowledge about what governments, corporations, and other powers that be are doing, alongside demanding our rights to freedom. The powers that be have weaponised the online and digital space, as well as the law, against the people that these things are supposed to serve and protect. It is our right to protect ourselves with research, knowledge, advocacy, and the power of the people. When we understand the powers we are up against, fighting back will become less daunting.

This is what our report, titled Dawn of Digital Dictatorship: Weaponizing the Law Against Online Speech in Southeast Asia, is for. Join us in powering ourselves with knowledge, in order to compel ourselves to action!

As always, our work is rooted in decolonial, feminist, intersectional values, with historically marginalised people at the centre. Thus, this work was a collaboration between a coalition of groups oriented in these values: ALTSEAN-Burma, Cambodian Center for Human Rights, ELSAM, Free Expression Myanmar, Foundation for Media Alternatives, ILGA Asia, Manushya Foundation, The Rohingya Maìyafuìnor Collaborative Network, SAFEnet, Viet Tan, and Women’s Peace Network. What is the ASEAN Regional Coalition to #StopDigitalDictatorship? The ASEAN Regional Coalition to #StopDigitalDictatorship was established in 2020, by human rights and digital rights activists from Southeast Asia, on a mission to decolonize digital rights and restore our online democracies.

Together, we stand in solidarity with one another, with people from the Global Majority, resisting and pushing back against authoritarian governments and complicit tech companies.

We tell our realities from the ground, and we develop solutions together.

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Dawn of Digital Dictatorship: Weaponizing the Law Against Online Speech in Southeast Asia March 2024

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