ASEAN Regional Coalition to #StopDigitalDictatorship 4. Malaysia DIGITAL SPACE & ONLINE FREEDOM STATUS OF THE COUNTRY DEMOCRATIC STATUS OF THE COUNTRY YEAR (according to the Freedom In The World index) 2020 52/100 2021 51/100 2022 50/100 2023 53/100 FREE (Digital Space Status) (according to the World’s Press Freedom Index) 58/100 101/180 (66,88) (Partly PARTLYFree) FREE (Partly PARTLYFree) FREE (Partly PARTLYFree) FREE (Partly PARTLYFree) FREE Scores 100-70 PRESS & MEDIA FREEDOM STATUS OF THE COUNTRY (Not NOTFree) FREE PROBLEMATIC Problematic 58/100 119/180 ( 60,53) (Not NOTFree) FREE PROBLEMATIC Problematic 59/100 113/180 (51,55) (Not NOTFree) FREE PROBLEMATIC Problematic 61/100 73/180 (62,83) (Not NOTFree) FREE PARTLY FREE Scores 69-40 PROBLEMATIC Problematic NOT FREE Scores 39-0 GOOD SATISFACTORY PROBLEMATIC DIFFICULT VERY SERIOUS 85–100 points 75–85 points 65–75 points 45–65 points 0–45 points Fig. 4.1: Summary of freedom ratings for Malaysia, 2020-2023.1 4.1 Legal Framework Freedom of Expression is Guaranteed but Illegitimately Restricted or expedient in the interest of the security of the The right to freedom of speech and expression, privileges of Parliament or of any Legislative Assembly as recognised in Article 10(1)(a) of Malaysia’s or to provide against contempt of court, defamation, Federal Constitution, is guaranteed to all citizens. or incitement to any offence.”2 The article has been Notwithstanding the rights enshrined in the Federal narrowly interpreted in numerous cases, resulting Constitution, Malaysia’s legal framework is made in the state wielding undue power to regulate and up of a number of repressive laws and provisions constrain freedom of expression. Additionally, Article that aim to impose censorship and punish those 10(4) emphasises Parliament’s authority to enact exercising their right to freedom of expression. For laws imposing the aforementioned restrictions in instance, paragraph (2)(a) of the Constitution allows the name of the Federation’s security.3 Federation or any party thereof … public order or morality and restrictions designed to protect the certain restrictions that are “deem[ed] necessary Malaysia 151

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