Contd. Identifying VPNs and Circumvention Tools blocked. This seems to violate a fundamental principle of non-retroactivity of the law. Additionally, Geedge Networks products are able to identify specific individuals as known VPN users. Once those known circumvention tool users move to a new provider that is not yet blocked, Geedge Networks can watch the users’ traffic and use the trail they leave to identify the new VPNs to block in the future. Expanding digital authoritarianism through 
 regular OS updates Clients are able to request features and capabilities for Geedge Networks to prioritize for new versions of the surveillance software. When Geedge Networks make these software updates available, every client government can take advantage of these new capabilities. New capabilities that Geedge Networks seems to be discussing and testing include DDoSfor-hire services, change SIM as cards well or as call the ability to international construct numbers relationship frequently, graphs, and flag create users who geofences for specific users. No built-in legal or ethical guardrails on sharing 
 and use of data InterSecLab found no evidence that Geedge Networks enables features that allow for audit logging to understand how their products are being used (and potentially abused) or to understand countries, how the internet systems users’ are personal deployed in data secret is being and stored lack or shared. accountability In all client mechanisms for public oversight of their use. Significant implications for data sovereignty The system relies on remote management by Geedge Networks employees in China, which has troublesome implications for national data sovereignty. Internet user data from each country appears to be accessible to Geedge Networks employees and shared with students at Mesalab, the research laboratory at the Chinese Academy of Sciences. These students use samples of this data for product development and research aimed at better understanding and obstructing internet censorship circumvention. The duration this data is retained for Geedge Networks and Geedge Networks affiliates remains unclear. Designed for interoperability with commercial hardware vendors, making targeted sanctions more challenging Geedge Networks sanctions. Their seems to have designed products are built to be their products interoperable with for a resilience wide range to targeted of hardware vendors. The products are vendor agnostic in terms of other network equipment that might

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