There are several successful commercial e-commerce platforms that provide support for ecommerce merchants, including the ability to host shop fronts on the web and to provide
warehousing and delivery services.
A variety of payment services are available, with over 400 merchants, bill payment services,
and mobile and other payment service providers attached to the MPU switch enabling
payment cards to be used on the internet.
The banking network is also being developed and MCB-NET II will shortly provide
sophisticated means of making real time bank transfers between different banks. Bank
branch networks are quite extensive leading to reasonable accessibility, and mobile payment
services are of course available wherever mobile networks are present, that is across 94 per
cent of the population.
Transport and logistics services are widely available. Myanmar Posts provides an express
service with track-and-trace in conjunction with a third party. Myanmar Posts’ coverage of
the country with post offices is good, but there is still a need to enable every post office to
access digital services provided by Myanmar Posts so that such express services can be
available everywhere. Nevertheless, courier services also have extensive agent networks
enabling packages to be dropped off and picked up in many locations. Many city-based
delivery services are present, and long-distance buses provide a good inter-city service
connecting these local delivery services. Roads are working well.
The IT and telecommunications environment is doing well, with widespread availability of
GSM and 3G services, almost universal adoption of mobile phones, and rapidly growing
and reasonably high levels of adoption of the internet over mobile networks.
Telecommunications links with other countries have developed rapidly over the last ten
years and there is ample capacity already in service with the possibility of bringing much
more capacity into service as it becomes necessary.
Data centres have been established in Myanmar, with mainly limited services, but some of
these are working in networks of data centres in other countries where applications are
available in the cloud as a service. Technical skills in IT are also available, supplemented
by those from neighbouring countries. Tech companies in Singapore rate the Myanmar
sector highly, as evidenced by the offshoring of software development by some of them to
centres in Myanmar.
Some issues still need addressing. These include:
3
Take up of the internet over mobile phones, while widespread through the population, has
often been limited in terms of the range of applications that individuals use. Many people
use the internet for social media only, buying packages that are limited to such use, or
making little overall use of the internet in other ways. There are several reasons for this
behaviour. Low incomes mean that subscribers ration their use of relatively expensive
broadband services. The packaging of social media with broadband subscriptions means that
use of the internet more generally is an additional cost to subscribers. The value of the
internet beyond social media is not realized or understood.
Use of e-commerce is limited mainly to the 15 to 24 year old age groups and those who have
been through secondary education. These groups, and perhaps the male members of these
groups, in particular, are beginning to use e-commerce, whereas use by other groups and
particularly lower income groups is almost non-existent.3 The reasons for this lack of use
are in part concerned with affordability of the internet. However, rural use may be limited
by the availability of 4G (LTE) networks which makes e-commerce difficult to access and
use and affordability issues. Measures are needed to provide e-commerce services that are
FINDEX 2017
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