Benchmark against Lower Middle-Income states The benchmark against lower middle-income states compared Myanmar’s relative position in consumer e-commerce penetration against those states for which consumer e-commerce data was available. The assessment was again intended to determine what relationship existed between ecommerce penetration and GDP per capita. The results are shown in Figure 3-3and Figure 3-4 below. Figure 3-3: E-commerce penetration against GDP per capita for selected lower middle-income states12 12 ibid 67