8 Hate Speech Ignited: Understanding Hate Speech in Myanmar To the Myanmar Military „ Adhere to the above recommendations made to the government of Myanmar; „ Place any military personnel implicated in incidents of hate speech, including incitement of discrimination, hostility, violence, and genocide on immediate administrative leave until an independent investigation can be completed; cooperate with all such investigations and support enforcement of any outcomes that result; „ Stop contributing to the circulation of hate speech that target ethnic and religious minorities and promote armed conflict in Myanmar; „ Stop military operations against ethnic and religious minorities, and end grave human rights violations and atrocities; and „ Stop endorsing or supporting ultranationalist groups that perpetuate narratives of hate. To Civil Society „ Monitor and counter hate speech by state and non-state actors; „ Raise public awareness to combat hate speech by highlighting its harmful narratives, its drivers and root causes, how such speech is disseminated, and the impact of such speech on ethnic and religious minority communities and society more generally; and „ Hold consultations and trainings on the impact of hate speech in Myanmar and support efforts to promote tolerance and peaceful coexistence. To the International Community „ Urge the Myanmar government and military to adopt and implement the above recommendations; „ Support local CSOs and HRDs who work to monitor and counter the harms of hate speech and ultranationalism; and „ Implement the recommendations made by UN Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on Myanmar in its reports in 2018 and 2019; and „ Support ongoing international accountability efforts, including at the International Court of Justice and International Criminal Court for gross human rights violations and atrocities.