Facebook’s Civil Rights Audit users can block future ads from just the specific advertiser responsible for a given ad or adjust how they are reached through customer lists (e.g., disallow advertisers from showing ads to them based on this type of audience list or make themselves eligible to see ads if an advertiser used a list to exclude them). 4. Ad Library Updates Since 2018, Facebook has maintained a library of ads about social issues, elections or politics that ran on the platform. These ads are either classified as being about social issues, elections or politics or the advertisers selfdeclare that the ads require a “Paid for by” disclaimer. The last audit report announced updates and enhancements Facebook had made to the Ad Library to increase transparency and provide more information about who is behind each ad, the advertiser’s prior spending, and basic information about the ad’s audience. However, the civil rights community has continued to urge Facebook to both improve the Ad Library’s search functionality and provide additional transparency (specifically information regarding targeting of political ads) so that the Ad Library could be a more effective tool for identifying patterns of suppression and misinformation. Since the last report, Facebook has made a number of additional updates to the Ad Library in an effort to increase transparency and provide useful data to researchers, advocates, and the public generally. These improvements include: • Potential Reach & Micro-Targeting: The Ad Library now permits users to search and filter ads based on the estimated audience size, which allows researchers to identify and study ads intended for smaller, more narrowly defined audiences. This new search function should make it easier to uncover efforts to “micro-target” smaller, specifically identified communities with suppressive or false information. • Sorting Ad Search Results: When users run searches on the Ad Library, they can now sort their results so that the ads with the most impressions (i.e., the number of times an ad was seen on a screen) appear first, allowing researchers to focus their attention on the ads that have had the most potential impact. Or, if recency is most important, ad search results can instead be sorted to appear in order of when the ad ran. • Searching by State/Region: While the Ad Library has contained information about the state(s) in which a given ad ran since 2018, that information used to only be available by clicking on an individual ad. Facebook has updated its search functionality so that users interested in the ads that have run in a specific state or group of states can limit their searches to just those areas. • Grouping Duplicate Ads: Advertisers often run the same ad multiple times targeted at different audiences or issued on different dates. When reviewing search results, users searching the Ad Library previously had to wade through all the duplicate ads — making it tedious and difficult to sort through search results. Facebook has now added a feature that groups duplicate ads by the same advertiser together so that it is easier to distinguish duplicates from distinct ads and duplicate versions of the same ad can be reviewed all at once. • Ads Library Report Updates: In addition to these updates to the Ad Library, Facebook also updated its Ads Library Report to provide additional categories of information, including aggregate trend information showing 36