PEACEWORKS 92 curriculum. The three main media associations—the Myanmar Journalist Association, Myanmar Journalists Union, and Myanmar Journalists Network—offer ad hoc instruction, and the Press Council developed a resource center for media and an ethical code of conduct. In terms of broadcast training, Deutsche Welle has partnered with the Myanmar Media Development Center, which is associated with MRTV-4, to train broadcast journalists. One of the longestrunning training programs has been conducted by Internews, which has instructed ethnic media along the border with Thailand since 2001 and journalists in Yangon since 2003. Internews has also done significant conflict-sensitive reporting training, including developing a manual in the Burmese language. Recently returned from exile, Mizzima is offering conflict-sensitive journalism training using a curriculum developed by Danish NGO International Media Support. One consistent theme that has emerged in discussions about journalism training is that the many local-international partnerships to advance media professionalism are relatively ad hoc and uncoordinated. Despite a great deal goodwill on the part of the media community in Myanmar to receive assistance, international organizations are practically tripping over themselves to get involved, which risks fragmenting efforts. A coordinating body such as the Media Development Thematic Working Group—organized by UNESCO in February 2013 and representing the MoI—national and ethnic media, and international development partners should help mitigate this scenario, if competing agendas can be put aside. Business Environment Overall, the opportunity for media in print and broadcast should be trending upward due to dailies coming on the market in April 2013, new television joint ventures, and more FM radio stations. As with many other industries experiencing transition in Myanmar, the economic underpinnings of the media sector are characterized by serious challenges and significant opportunities. Although the economic infrastructure is still limited and corruption and crony capitalism are major problems, the lifting of economic sanctions, the passage of new legislation on foreign direct investment, and the corresponding entry of major international firms to the Burmese market all signal a monumental shift in the media ad space. Estimated by interviewees to generate $200 million in 2011—two-thirds going to television and the rest to print media—Internews presents a figure of $525 million for the total ad market in 2013.21 A boom in tourism and investment from the World Bank should further open the space for ad growth. Myanmar has 172 ad agencies, but only five are of international quality.22 The ad market, however, is largely free from crony control due to the volatility of the marketplace so far. Overall, the opportunity for media in print and broadcast should be trending upward due to dailies coming on the market in April 2013, new television joint ventures, and more FM radio stations. The previously mentioned award of mobile licenses to Telenor and Ooredoo also infuses the market with new revenue streams. In terms of the sustainability of local media outlets, it would be difficult for all sixteen newspapers that received or are receiving daily licenses to survive in the current marketplace. In the broadcast arena, cronies still maintain control over public-private joint ventures, such as MRTV-4 and private satellite channel SkyNet. Private media in both print and broadcast will also be challenged by competition from the MoI, which has plans to turn state-run MRTV into public service media and has similar plans for the state-run dailies. Meanwhile, exile media outlets such as Mizzima and Irrawaddy that have returned to the country will have to compete in a very different marketplace where aid from international donors might not be as forthcoming. 20  USIP.ORG