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Facebook and Twitter where people can get information about offline events and read information about LGBT rights across the world. Similar to Amnesty International, All Out spread the word about human rights abuses to campaign for action; one example of this was when 5 LGBT women were arrested in China for protesting gender inequality but were soon released after All Out drew international attention to the injustice, putting pressure on the Chinese government to release the women.145 Additionally, they have put pressure on PayPal (internet payment system) to sever ties with anti-LGBT hate groups which resulted in the removal of these ‘extremist’ groups.146 A report by Titley, Keen and Foldi (2014) states that the weakness of this campaign is in its visibility; if it is not marketed to a large enough audience, its potential will be limited to those who have already heard of it. 147 However, it has achieved many significant results that deserve recognition. Young, Jewish and Proud Young, Jewish and Proud is a campaign created by young leaders from Jewish Voice for Peace. They are dedicated to promoting peace, democracy and human rights in Palestine and Israel by working with activists in these areas, among other peacebuilding organisations. They support both Israelis and Palestinians in their fight for justice and security and want to bring an end to all violence against civilians. They devised The Young Jewish Declaration in 2011 which was written by young people to express their global concerns against the wrong attitude that some Jewish people have to others, and to address the stereotypes about Jewish people.148 The declaration, available on their website or through video format on Youtube, is divided into four parts: we exist, we remember, we refuse and we commit. 145 Jacobs, A., (2015) ‘Taking Feminist Battle to China’s Streets, and Landing in Jail’, New York Times, available at: http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/06/world/asia/chinese-womens-rights-activists-fallafoul-of-officials.html [November 2015]. 146 Titley, Keen and Foldi, (2014), p.71. 147 Titley, Keen and Foldi, (2014), p.71. 148 Young, Jewish and Proud, ‘The Young Jewish http://www.youngjewishproud.org/about/, [November 2015]. Declaration’, available at: - 60 -

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Religion, hate speech and social media in Myanmar: Analysing methods of intervention

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Language

English

Topic

Hate Speech
Rohingya Crisis

Author(s)

Bethany Davis

Date Published: Dec 1, 2015

Abstract: Myanmar is home to one of the longest running intrastate conflicts in the world, involving a series of ethnic and religious clashes that have caused harm to all parties involved. The ideology of a homogeneity based on Buddhism and the Bamar ethnicity has marginalized minority groups, which make up a third of the population, and has particularly affected the Rakhine state’s Buddhist and Muslim communities, the latter of which are subject to what international human rights organizations are calling an ethnic cleansing. Since the government relaxed restrictions to the access of foreign websites, the social media site Facebook has become a popular means to disseminate misinformation and rumours, and this has created mistrust and hatred against Muslims across the country, heightening the polarization between Buddhist and Muslim groups. This study will combine conflict analysis with the assessment of different approaches of countering hate speech to propose which methods of intervention are most suitable for this situation in Myanmar. Lederach argues that to counter hatred and avoid reoccurrence of violence, deep alterations of the parties’ relationships is needed. This idea forms the basis for chapter three which examines educational methods, interfaith projects and social media campaigns to both prevent and change negative attitudes towards the religious ‘Other’. It argues that education and awareness campaigns are more effective than the implementation of legal regulation as we need to combat the underlying issue. In addition to secondary sources, this study involved field research to collect information about how the youth are influence by hate speech and counter hate campaigns in Myanmar.

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Religion, hate speech and social media in Myanmar: Analysing methods of intervention

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