and the participants. As Gunaratnam notes, race and ethnicity are defining and
emotional dimensions in the interview process; particularly with minoritized research
participants such as members of the Muslim community in Myanmar.8 Therefore, care
and consideration were employed when approaching these topics, and I, as the
interviewer, limited my participation to open questions that would aim to encourage
discussion among the groups. One last point to address was that as the groups will be
aware that I am there as an academic researcher to research hate speech and
Buddhist/Muslim relations, they may unintentionally answer my questions how they
think I might like or expect. It is hoped, however, that open discussions limited this.
Interviewing
The aim of interviewing was to develop an understanding of how online sources are
integrated into communication and information sharing. My method of interviewing,
as noted, was semi-structured interviews with two focus groups. Therefore, the
interviews were formally bracketed with a set time and space and had a loose
schedule to follow, but responses were open so as to attempt to limit the
preconceived notions of the interviewer. Focus groups consisted of a mix of Buddhist,
Muslim, and Hindu men and women living in Yangon, between the ages of 15 to 25.
The purpose of using focus groups was so that they can interact with one another as
well as with the researcher. The limitations of these interviews were acknowledged, as
interviewees were not able to provide uncontested knowledge about their social
surroundings. As Davies notes, many analysts have come to accept interviewing as a
process between the interviewee and the interviewer to develop understanding about
the social world.9
As I acknowledged earlier, limitations arise during these interviews from not being
able to speak the Burmese language. Malinowski argues that speaking the language of
the native gives the ethnographer an important insight into the native mentality. He
tells us that his use of the Motu language during his time in Mailu ‘was no small
8
Gunaratnam, Y., (2003) Researching 'Race' and Ethnicity: Methods, Knowledge and Power, Sage,
p.82.
9
Davies, (1999) p.94.
- 10 -