limitations for PWDs in the physical world, it is crucial to formulate and establish an inclusive
digital world for them.
State and government websites also fail to comply with the W3C guidelines from the Web
Accessibility Initiative. Accessibility features of W3C guidelines such as screen readers and
closed captioning supports should be compiled with on digital platforms. Universal access is
an important factor to be regarded and integrated in digital solution and web solution
implementation. Universal Access Strategies of 2018-2020 by Ministry of Telecommunication
(MoTC) has to be implemented in practice to formulate and establish accessible digital
platforms for PWDs, includingchildren. Associated institutions and organisations need to
advocate for the implementation of the strategy by the government and relevant establishments.
Even though Myanmar ratified the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in
December 2011, the implementation is lacking. Implementation of developed strategies by
the government as well as public awareness campaigns and strategies such as tax benefits and
incentives for companies developing technological solutions for PWDs (Vietnam is a good
example in this regard) are crucial.
Session 4 discussed the topic of ‘Community Networks: a potential solution to bridge ‘last
mile’? This panel discussed how community networks are performing as a bridge connecting
the unconnected. A community networks expert from Digital Empowerment Foundation lead
this session and shared her knowledge on how community networks can contribute to the
community and the limitations of implementing those networks. She states that the
phenomenon of “Digital Divide” or the unequal access of internet among the geographically,
socially or economically different groups, or among the rural and urban population is found in
developing countries such as Myanmar as well as in developed countries. She gave examples
of addressing the challenge via establishing community networks especially in South American
countries and in India. The strategy is to mirror the network from the nearest mobile network
towers with WIFI routers as an attempt from the communities to acquire internet connection.
Although internet and mobile coverage had dramatically improved in Myanmar, remote areas
such as rural parts Kachin and Chin state and some others are not facilitated with mobile and
internet networks. Perceived lack of commercial viability has made accessibility to the internet
convenient only in large cities. Connectivity in India also shares similar characteristics. Easy
assembly and installation of the equipment and ease of configuration of a community network
system makes the strategy viable.
However, community networks systems also feature certain difficulties in many countries
especially due to regulations that limiting the use of spectrum network to licensed operators.
License-free spectrum usage is allowed for community development in Mexico and India - a
sound legislative example that Myanmar can adopt to mitigate the digital divide and pave the
way for rural development.
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