“I May Be Killed Any Moment” 43 because we had nothing to eat in Myanmar and requested the RSO to stop looting. They wanted to negotiate with RSO. ... I saw young members of RSO grab Dil Mohammad and pull him. We saw the way they were treating our leader Dil Mohammad, and we became more afraid of RSO.205 According to another eyewitness to Dil Mohammad’s detention, “[Dil Mohammad] was kidnapped from No Man’s Land. ... As he was detained unofficially by [RSO], we still haven’t communicated with [him] except hearing rumors that he was sent to Bandarban jail.”206 A RSO spokesperson told Fortify Rights via text communication in August 2024, “[W]e handed over him to the law enforcers. … According to my information, he is in government custody.”207 Fortify Rights has requested information about the whereabouts of Dil Mohammed from Bangladesh authorities but has received no information. Dil Mohammad’s family submitted a submission to the U.N. Working Group on Arbitrary Detention in 2024, seeking information on his whereabouts. Dil Mohammad’s son said, “I want freedom for my father, and I want these false and baseless charges against him to be dismissed.”208 Threats and Intimidation ARSA, RSO, and other militant groups in the camps are responsible for threatening Rohingya refugees and Rohingya human rights defenders, both in person and online.209 In Bangladesh, militant groups intimidate, threaten, and harass Rohingya refugees to forcibly recruit new members, prevent them from reporting abuses to the authorities, and gain political control of the camps.210 A Rohingya refugee described how ARSA members threatened him, saying: They’re sending people and saying, “If you go to the police and do anything against us, we’ll also see you and not let you live in this world.” ... Previously, I didn’t have a smartphone, but they called me [on the phone]. … People came [personally] to threaten me. They said that some people are looking to kill you. ARSA is the group threatening me. This is the same group that killed [the majhi]. I know some names of the group members, but there are a lot of people.211 * * * A Rohingya youth activist told Fortify Rights how ARSA and RSO have both approached him separately to recruit him. Describing one incident in February 2023, he said: [A]round 10 p.m., ARSA members came to my shelter, asking me to join [their group]. They asked me to come to join them for three months and go to Myanmar. They told me, “We came from al Yaqin.” I know the commander by name. He tried to convince me, saying I had a good reputation as an activist in Myanmar. He told me I should join because I could influence many people in the camps. He said, “We know many youths are listening to you here [in Bangladesh].” I was so scared. They were holding long guns, the three of them.212 205 Ibid. 206 Fortify Rights interview with E.F., Bandarban District, Bangladesh, June 6, 2023. 207 Fortify Rights communication with RSO spokesperson, August 12, 2024. 208 “Breaking News: Submission to UN Calls for Release of Rohingya Leader Dil Mohammed,” Rohingya Refugee News, September 25, 2024, https://www.rohingyarefugee.news/p/breaking-news-submission-to-un-calls. 209 According to academic and author Ronnie Lee, ARSA runs “a dual-track communications strategy. Publicly available communications aimed at legitimising the group in the eyes of outsiders, while private messages and face to face training were used to encourage Islamic religious observance and to project the group’s capacity to undertake violence.” See, Lee, “Myanmar’s Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army (ARSA),” Perspectives on Terrorism, p. 69. 210 See, for example, Fortify Rights interview with Z.D., Cox’s Bazar District, Bangladesh, October 21, 2021; Fortify Rights interview with B.Z., Cox’s Bazar District, Bangladesh, January 27, 2023; and Fortify Rights interview with E.I., Cox’s Bazar District, Bangladesh, August 27, 2023. 211 Fortify Rights interview with D.H., Cox’s Bazar District, Bangladesh, March 22, 2023. 212 Fortify Rights interview with D.Z., Cox’s Bazar District, Bangladesh, March 25, 2023.