“I May Be Killed Any Moment” 37 The man told Fortify Rights that he knew the identity of the shooter, whose name is on record with Fortify Rights, saying: “The shooter was from my block, and the police arrested him from my block.”151 An eyewitness to the shooting confirmed the man’s account, stating: “I was sitting with a group of people when he was shot. ... [He] got hit with a bullet on his thigh. ... [The] members were wearing face masks.”152 Fortify Rights reviewed a medical certificate showing the date of the man’s admission to the hospital. The medical certificate confirms that the majhi was treated for a “gunshot injury over [his] right thigh with a suspected vessel injury.”153 The majhi’s relative also told Fortify Rights: “[He] lost blood on the way to the hospital. [He was] in the hospital for nearly 15 days.”154 The majhi told Fortify Rights that senior ARSA members threatened him before the attack, saying: [ARSA] used to make phone calls to threaten me, saying, “We cannot enter the [refugee] camp to do our activities because of you. We are going to kill you if we cannot work in the camp.” … We, majhis and head majhis, were instructed by [Bangladesh] authorities not to allow criminals to enter the block, collect taxes, or commit any violations.155 Following the attack, the majhi went into hiding.156 Abductions, Torture, and Ill-Treatment Rohingya militant groups operating in refugee camps in Bangladesh have abducted, tortured, and otherwise abused untold numbers of Rohingya with impunity for years. Throughout the camps, militant groups attempt to collect “taxes” from refugees and businesses to fund their militant activities. Armed militant groups use abductions and torture to threaten and intimidate camp residents who refuse to pay these “taxes” and to extort ransom payments in exchange for releasing their victims.157 Militants have also abducted Rohingya refugees for refusing to join or collaborate with them and for opposing militant groups in the camps.158 Data from a humanitarian organization working in the refugee camps providing services to Rohingya, including healthcare treatment, shows that, between January and June 2024, they treated 246 patients for “blunt injury.”159 In October 2023, a 23-year-old Rohingya man told Fortify Rights how militants he believed to be ARSA killed one of his brothers. They then abducted, tortured, dismembered him and left him to die—but he survived. He told Fortify Rights: “I was caught from my home and taken to the refugee 151 Ibid. 152 Fortify Rights interview with F.A. Cox’s Bazar District, Bangladesh, August 29, 2023. 153 Medical certificate on file with Fortify Rights, 2023. 154 Fortify Rights interview with C.B., Cox’s Bazar District, Bangladesh, March 22, 2023. 155 Fortify Rights interview with B.Z., Cox’s Bazar District, Bangladesh, January 27, 2023. 156 Ibid. 157 A 2023 report by the International Institute for Strategic Studies says: “ARSA activities included “taxation of informal shopkeepers and NGO volunteers at rates as high as 40% of their earnings.” IISS, “Competing armed groups pose new threat to Rohingya in Bangladesh,” December 11, 2023, https://myanmar.iiss.org/analysis/rohingya. There were even some claims that ARSA issued “receipts” for the taxes from refugees in the camps. Verena Hölzl “As Violence Soars in Refugee Camps, Rohingya Women Speak Up” , The New Humanitarian, August 2, 2021, https:// www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news/2021/8/2/as-violence-soars-in-refugee-camps-rohingya-women-speakup. Furthermore. according to the International Crisis Group, more than 700 abductions took place in the camps in the first nine months of 2023. International Crisis Group, “Crisis Mounts for Rohingya Refugees in Bangladesh” , December 6, 2023, https://www.crisisgroup.org/asia/south-asia/bangladesh/355-crisis-mounts-rohingya-refugeesbangladesh. 158 See, for example, Fortify Rights interview with C.D., Cox’s Bazar District, Bangladesh, March 22, 2023 and Fortify Rights interview with G.B., Cox’s Bazar District, Bangladesh, September 14, 2023. 159 Humanitarian organization data on file with Fortify Rights, July 2024. Typically, blunt impact injuries result from direct contact of a blunt object with the body and can include incidents of attacks or torture.