iMAP Myanmar 2023 Internet Censorship Report | Page 21 Figure 3: Network landscape in Myanmar 2017-2023 (Population in million) Myanmar has four main telecommunications network operators, including Myanmar Posts and Telecommunications (MPT), which is a state-owned enterprise under the supervision of the Ministry of Transport and Communication. Ooredoo is a subsidiary of the Qatari Ooredoo Group. According to an announcement from the Ooredoo Group on 8 September 2022, it is planned to be sold to the Singapore vehicle Nine Communications Pte. Ltd, with an enterprise value of $576 million.68 ATOM (previously known as Telenor) withdrew and sold to the M1 Group, which has a master lease agreement with military backed Mytel.69 Mytel is operated by Telecom International Myanmar, and its shareholders are Viettel Global Investment, a holding company owned by Vietnam’s Ministry of National Defense, and the Myanmar military-owned conglomerate, Myanmar Economic Corporation.70 Except for Ooredoo, three out of four telecom network operators have a close relationship with junta. Ooredoo is the last operator in Myanmar not owned or connected to the military junta, but it has taken steps to exit the country. Similarly, while there are more than 30 internet service providers71 licensed under the Ministry of Transport and Communications (MoTC), the market is dominated by four main ISPs: Myanmar Net, Myanmar MPT, MyTel, and 5BB.72 Freedom House reported that fixed-line internet speeds are slower than average after the coup.73 Since February 2021, all 68 Ooredoo. (2022, September 8). Ooredoo Group announces the sale of its telecom business in Myanmar to nine communications Pte. Ltd at an enterprise value of USD 576 million. https://www.ooredoo.com/en/media/news_view/ooredoo-group-announces-the-sale-of-its-telecom-business-in-myanmar-to-nine -communications-pte-ltd-at-an-enterprise-value-of-usd-576-million/ 69 Klesty, V. (2021, July 8). Telenor quits Myanmar with $105 mln sale to Lebanon's M1 Group. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/business/media-telecom/telenor-sells-myanmar-operations-m1-group-105-mln-2021-07-08/ 70 Nora Aung. (2022, June 16). Myanmar regime using Mytel SIM cards to track its own soldiers. The Irrawaddy.https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/myanmar-regime-using-mytel-sim-cards-to-track-its-own-soldiers.html 71 News Media Lists. (n.d.). Internet providers in Myanmar. https://www.newsmedialists.com/isp/myanmar 72 Dataxis. (n.d.). Fixed broadband and voice Myanmar.https://dataxis.com/product/market-report/fixed-broadband-and-voice-myanmar/ 73 Freedom House. (2021). Freedom in the world 2021: Myanmar.https://freedomhouse.org/country/myanmar/freedom-net/2021