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2015 2016 2017 Figure B.4: Expansion of the cell tower network of MPT. The blue dots show locations of cell phone towers that are added to the data each year, and the black dots show locations of the pre-existing cell phone towers. Number of cell phone towers 15000 14350 15000 9941 10000 10000 8836 5000 5000 5 0 MPT mno1 mno2 mno3 Mobile network operator 5 0 mno4 2009 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 (a) Number of cell towers by provider (b) Creation of cell towers over time Figure B.5: Panel (a) presents the total number of cell phone towers by mobile network operator. Panel (b) shows when cell towers were reported in the OpenCellID data. 30

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When Facebook Is the Internet: The Role of Social Media in Ethnic Conflict

Academic Publication

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Language

English

Topic

Hate Speech
Internet Connectivity / Accessibility
Rohingya Crisis

Author(s)

Tuuli Tähtinen

Date Published: Feb 1, 2021

Abstract: This paper investigates whether social media affects the intensity of ethnic conflict. To distinguish the potential effects of social media from those of the broader internet, I focus on the ongoing Myanmar conflict because in such context internet is mainly accessed via Facebook. To identify the causal effect of social media on conflict, I take advantage of a shock in Facebook availability and use local variation in cell phone coverage as an exogenous determinant of social media use. Results indicate that on average social media availability reduced the occurrence of conflict. The analysis, however, reveals important regional differences suggesting that inflammatory content on social media may escalate conflict in areas where ethnic tensions are particularly high.

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ECO_2021_01.pdf
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Myanmar Internet Project

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When Facebook Is the Internet: The Role of Social Media in Ethnic Conflict

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