possible. On February 22, a day of extensive protests, three local outlets broadcast 65 live video streams on Facebook.207 Users have tried a range of tactics to circumvent the military’s blocking efforts; VPNs and secure communications tools have become widespread. The maker of one secure communications app, Bridgify, reported that it was downloaded over a million times in Myanmar within the first two days after the coup.208 The circumvention app Psiphon was downloaded by nearly two million users during the same period.209 Users benefited from foreign counterparts’ recommendations regarding applications that allowed them to chat anonymously or bypass censorship, as prodemocracy activists within the multinational grassroots protest movement known as the Milk Tea Alliance shared their knowledge.210 The three-fingered salute previously used in Thailand—a pillar of the Milk Tea Alliance—to signal opposition to authoritarian rule has become massively prevalent in Myanmar among supporters of the democratic movement, both online and offline.211 In a related development, support for the rights of Rohingya people has increasingly become a feature of the anticoup protest movement, as evidenced by hundreds of thousands of users posting images of themselves wearing black and holding up the threefinger salute with the hashtag “#Black4Rohingya” in June 2021.212 regional military government ordered telecommunications companies to disclose lists of subscribers in order to identify who still had internet access.213 A long list of surveillance tools from vendors in countries including Canada, the United States, Sweden, and Israel has been published by activists reviewing government accounts (see C5).214 The military has also reportedly submitted daily directives to telecommunications companies, each of which names hundreds of IP addresses to be blocked, in an attempt to end the viability of VPN services (see C4).215 The government also impeded people’s ability to protest for digital rights prior to the coup. Online campaigning under the hashtag #StopInternetShutdownMM was combined with offline protests to call for an end to the service shutdowns in Rakhine and Chin States.216 Eleven students and six activists were arrested in February and June 2020, respectively, for participating in peaceful offline protests against the restrictions.217 One activist arrested in June was fined 30,000 kyats ($22.50) that September for hanging an antishutdown banner without permission.218 Other forms of online protest— including a 2018 campaign in which many users changed their Facebook profile pictures to black spots to protest the imprisonment of two journalists, and a 2017 #SayNOto66d campaign aiming to decriminalize defamation—had also been prominent before the coup. The military has tried to disrupt users’ ability to circumvent its digital controls. On March 30, one Free Expression Myanmar (FEM) and Freedom House - Freedom of the Net: Myanmar - အင်တာနက်ေပ*တွင် လွတ်လပ်မ/ - ြမန်မာ2ိ4င်ငံ - Page 17