of which were allegedly run by persons associated with the military.180 An article published after the coverage period in June 2021, however, found that Facebook’s pagerecommendation algorithm had been amplifying military content that violated many of its own violence and misinformation policies.181 Hard-liners who spread derogatory and violent statements about the Rohingya on Facebook, Viber, and WhatsApp, among other social media platforms, have widened their efforts to target other marginalized groups over the past several years. Before being banned by Facebook in 2018, the ultranationalist monk Wirathu, who is affiliated with Ma Ba Tha, regularly spread disinformation and false narratives through posts and videos that were shared by thousands of followers, and that allegedly stoked real-world violence.182 B6: အသံး& ြပ$သ=များအား အွန်လိ&ငး် ေပ4တွင ် အေ8ကာင်းအရာများ ထ&တ်ေဝ[ိင & မ ် 1အေပ4 ဆိး& ကျိ$းသက်ေရာက်ေစသည့် စီးပွားေရး ၀ မ.တ် သိမဟ& & ့ တ် ^ကီး8ကပ်ေရး ကန်သ ့ တ��ချက်များ F.ိပါသလား။ (၀-၃ မ.တ)် B6: Are there economic or regulatory constraints that negatively affect users’ ability to publish content online? (0–3 points) Score Change: The score declined from 1 to 0 because the space for journalists and users to publish online has been dramatically diminished since the coup, especially as the military stripped major media outlets of their licenses in retaliation for their coverage. Between the February 2021 coup and the end of the coverage period, the military revoked the licenses of seven major media outlets and ordered telecommunications companies to block their websites.183 A state television outlet announced in March 2021 that five independent media companies— Myanmar Now, Khit Thit Media, Democratic Voice of Burma, Mizzima, and 7Day News, all of which had been covering the anticoup protests—were “no longer allowed to broadcast or write or give information by 0 using any kind of media platform or using any media technology.”184 The 2014 Printing and Publishing Law created the licensing regime for publishing houses, news agencies, and websites, and these outlets must register prior to producing content, including for publishing online.185 The law also contains a variety of vague and overly broad administrative and criminal sanctions for violations, such as running a website without a license. The Telecommunications Law has no specific regulations relating to net neutrality, zero-rating data transmissions by apps or telecommunications providers, or open internet policies. B7: အွန်လိ&ငး် သတင်းအချက်အ လက် နယ်ပ ယ်တင ွ ် ေထွြပားစံ&လင်မ1 ကင်းမဲ့ေနပါသလား။ (၀-၄ မ.တ်) ၁ မ.တ် B7: Does the online information landscape lack diversity? (0–4 points) 1 The diversity and reliability of information online are significantly restricted. Since February 2021, the vast majority of new information disseminated online has focused on the coup. Much of this information has come from citizen journalists documenting the military’s increasingly violent crackdown and the people’s creative responses.186 Public demand for information about the coup has simultaneously increased, and media outlets that provide it have garnered greater attention and respect.187 Fact-checking and verification have become Free Expression Myanmar (FEM) and Freedom House - Freedom of the Net: Myanmar - အင်တာနက်ေပ*တွင် လွတ်လပ်မ/ - ြမန်မာ2ိ4င်ငံ - Page 15