WHRDs who exposed cases of gender-based violence within the pro-democracy movement have been accused of attempting to undermine or discredit the revolution. Our findings show that the hostile digital environment has led to widespread self-censorship and what could be called the “digital disappearance” of women – those who choose to leave digital spaces due to the threats. Faced with constant surveillance, criminalisation and severe online harassment, many women defenders and activists are forced to withdraw from public and digital life to protect their safety and mental well-being. Many live in a constant state of uncertainty and fear, distrusting the digital technologies they rely on and that are necessary for their work. The research provides critical evidence of the gendered nature of digital repression in Myanmar. The findings highlight the urgent need for protection and meaningful support for WHRDs and others who are on the frontlines of resistance. Key recommendations The report’s recommendations urge regional and international actors, including United Nations bodies, international organisations, the donor community, civil society organisations and tech companies to take coordinated action. This includes providing digital security training and tools to WHRDs, supporting safe and secure communication in the context of the surveillance state and funding psychosocial support for survivors of technology-facilitated gender-based violence (TFGBV). They also call for accountability measures against companies enabling surveillance and biometric data collection in Myanmar. 5