Key findings 05 The digital repression in Myanmar has created deeply hostile conditions, particularly for WHRDs and other pro-democracy activists. These conditions are the result of the coordinated use of legislation, surveillance, and internet shutdowns or what we refer to as an “ecosystem” of digital repression. The impact is multifaceted: a climate of fear and uncertainty, pervaded by physical, psychological, legal and digital insecurity, that has forced many activists to censor themselves, and others into exile. The following are the key methods of digital repression used by the junta: • Repressive legal frameworks: The junta’s amended and newly enacted laws have enabled the arbitrary prosecution of WHRDs and other pro-democracy activists, criminalising peaceful expression, digital organising and dissent. • Internet shutdowns: Internet shutdowns have interrupted the flow of information, free speech, and restricted support services for those in need. Activists have had to rely on VPNs to try to bypass these restrictions, but this has negatively affected outreach activities. • Expansion of surveillance: The surveillance apparatus has been expanded through the collection of biometric data and the forced re-registration of SIM cards. The ability to track WHRDs is bolstered through the use of a CCTV network equipped with AI facial recognition technology. Mobile money accounts are also monitored, while activists have to contend with the organised non-state monitoring of social media and doxxing by pro-junta groups. The following are the key gendered impacts these methods have on the work of WHRDs: • The threat of arrest, self-censorship and uncertainty: The criminalisation of dissent has created a climate of fear and uncertainty for WHRDs in the wake of arrests and reports of assault while in custody. Activists self-censor to protect themselves. The threat of prosecution combined with the ubiquitous surveillance system has led some to distrust the digital tools essential to their work and survival. 21