16 M. SCHISSLER Figure 5. Circa 2018. Source: Progressive Voice et al. 2022, 49–50. him and posted a misleadingly-edited version of the speech on Facebook. A public outcry ensued, followed by his arrest.75 Posts on Facebook were used to generate public outrage, which helped motivate state action against Muslims and any who challenged “meta-narratives of Buddhist-Burman dominance” as well as provide the state an authorizing excuse. At the same time, those facing potential attacks by nationalist forces had to assume those forces could act with impunity. This heightened the seriousness of threats, whether received in the form of direct messages or post shared publicly on Facebook. But the latter also involved an element that differentiates them from threats via other more private channels: attacks dis­ played in public could also serve as warnings to others.76 That posts attacking one or another individual as a “traitor” issued a warning to a broader audience was not always explicit, though it often was. The captions in Figure 5, for example, both contain subtle, but still clear, indications that they aimed towards broader targets. “Myanmar has many opportunists,” says the image at left, while the image at right asserts that the journalist is part of a larger, secret, group. “They are working to destroy the country,” ends the caption. “The people must respond and discipline them in kind.” 75 76 PEN America, “Writers at Risk: Htin Lin Oo,” 2023; San Yamin Aung, “NLD Official Condemned After Buddhism Speech,” The Irrawaddy, 17 November 2014. Fujii analyzed how violence staged “for people to see, notice, and take in” could “bring to life ideas about how the world should be and more specifically, how it should be ordered.” She thus theorized display as that which “makes the imagined ‘real’ by giving it materiality, visibility, and three-dimensional form” (2). I am inspired to ask similar questions about posts on Facebook. Lee Ann Fujii, Show Time: The Logic and Power of Violent Display (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2021).

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